Lenoir County, NC - Slave Schedule – Census of 1860
NOTE: The data from the slave schedule of 1860 transcribed and posted
on Ancestry.com is useful but not completely reliable, since the names
of several slaveholders are found on the schedule more than once,
probably because a slaveholder’s name appears on each page that lists
his or her slaves. I have thus relied heavily on my own transcription
of the images of the original schedule, which I believe to be more
accurate. Nevertheless, difficulties still arise from the way the
information in the schedule was recorded. While the large majority of
slaves can be identified as the property of a single individual who
usually appears as a head of household in the federal census of 1860,
there are several exceptions to this rule. Slaves who were bequeathed
to minors are usually (but not always) listed under the name of the
minor’s guardian, often immediately below the guardian’s own slaves.
Since these slaves were not the property of the guardian, they are not
listed as such, which results in reducing the size of some of the
county’s larger slave holdings. Other slaves are listed as belonging to
an estate which had not yet been settled, and were presumably divided
among the heirs at a later date. On a few occasions, slaves may be
listed as belonging to more than one owner. Finally, the names of a
few slave owners that appear in the schedule do not also appear in the
federal census of 1860, leading one to conclude that the owner must
have lived outside the county but owned land within it on which these
slaves lived and worked. To sum up the problem: Slaveholdings can
not always be linked to a single head of household, or even to a single
individual.
Despite these problems, an analysis of the data taken from the slave
schedule yields some interesting results. In 1860, when the county’s
total inhabitants numbered just over 10,000, slaves made-up some 50.4%
of the population, making Lenoir one of only fourteen counties in North
Carolina with a slave majority. In the state as a whole, slaves were
33.5% of the population, and for the eleven states that would shortly
make-up the Confederacy, 30.8%. Since 1820, the county’s slave
population had hovered around 50%, yet during these four decades (1820-
1860), thousands of slaves were either sold or moved with their owners
from Lenoir and other counties in eastern North Carolina to the cotton
states farther south and west. What these figures suggest is that,
despite a huge outward migration, the county’s slave population still
managed to reproduce at a rate sufficiently rapid to maintain its
relative size.
It is interesting to compare Lenoir’s patterns of slaveholding in this
year with those of other regions. In Lenoir, 47% of all households
owned one or more slaves; for North Carolina and for the Confederate
states as a whole, these figures are 28% and 31%, respectively.
Slavery was thus an important institution in the county; in fact, the
patterns of slaveholding in Lenoir resemble the patterns found in most
of North Carolina and in the Upper South less than they resemble those
found in such Deep South states as South Carolina and Mississippi,
whose populations were also more than 50% slave, and where 45 to 50% of
all households also owned at least one slave. Those individuals who
owned twenty or more slaves--the number most often used to designate a
"planter"--were approximately 12% of all slaveholders in the South and
the same is true North Carolina as well. In Lenoir, however, 19% of
all slaveholders owned more than twenty slaves, once again a figure
closer to that found in South Carolina (20%) and Mississippi (19%) than
to those found in North Carolina and the Upper South. On the other
hand, 67% of the county’s planters owned less than thirty slaves, while
only ten (11%) owned fifty or more. This contrasts with the Deep
South, where holdings of fifty or more slaves were far more common.
Geographically, Lenoir’s slave population was very unevenly
distributed, with 75% of the total found north of the Neuse (Bear
Creek, Contentnea, and Kinston districts). In this region, slaves made
up nearly 55% of the population. Of those slaveholders who owned 20 or
more slaves, 73% lived north of the river as well, as did all ten of
those planters who owned fifty or more slaves. South of the Neuse
(Sand Hill, Trent, and Woodington districts), in which only 27% of the
county’s planters resided, slaves made-up 42.5% of the population. Not
surprisingly, slaves were more numerous in those parts of the county
where land was most fertile, such as the Bucklesberry, Falling Creek,
and Contentnea neck regions north of the Neuse, and less so in the
southern part of the county, in which much of Lenoir’s poorer soil was
found.
(RESULTS OF ADDITIONAL ANALYSIS AND OF AN ANALYSIS OF THE 1850 SLAVE
SCHEDULE TO BE PRESENTED AT A LATER DATE)
Slave Schedule – Census of 1860 – Lenoir County, NC
Ranked by Holdings
Slave Owner Age No. of slaves District
>100
John Tull 28 148 Kinston
Council Wooten 56 127 Bear Creek
80-99
John C. Washington 58 85 Kinston
James W. Cox 54 80 Kinston-Town
60-79
James Wood 44 65 Bear Creek
James M. Parrott 36 63 Kinston
William Herring 49 61 Kinston
50-59
Walter Dunn 39 53 Kinston
Thomas J. Kennedy 44 52 Bear Creek
L. C. Desmond 58 51 Kinston
40-49
James M. Hines 48 49 Bear Creek
William Carraway 22 48 Contentnea
Shade Wooten 61 47 Bear Creek
Mary E. Bright 22 44 Kinston
Jesse Lassiter 60 42 Bear Creek
Dr. J. B. Jones __ 42 Bear Creek
John King 78 42 Contentnea
James Davis 41 Trent
30-39
John Joyner 39 39 Bear Creek
Bright Kennedy 40 39 Bear Creek
Parrott Hardy 50 37 Bear Creek
Henry Bond 45 37 Kinston
Guardians of Stephen Miller 35 Contentnea
Aretas Jones 77 34 Trent
Lucy Wooten 76 33 Trent
B & J. G. Whitfield, exec __ 31 Kinston
S. E. Loftin 48 31 Kinston-Town
John A. Parrott 38 30 Woodington
Ann B. Cobb 63 30 Woodington
20-29
Benjamin Sutton Sr 65 29 Bear Creek
S. E. I. Warters heirs ? 29 Bear Creek
Thomas Harvey 17 29 Contentnea
Thomas Becton 48 29 Woodington
Thomas H. Dawson 40 28 Bear Creek
Charlotte Harper 45 28 Bear Creek
William Sutton 64 28 Kinston
E. I. Dunn 34 28 Kinston-Town
William H. Rountree 18 27 Contentnea
Dempsey Wood 43 26 Bear Creek
Marg. Hutchins 77 26 Kinston
R. W. King 40 26 Kinston-Town
Stephen Phillips 46 25 Contentnea
Nancy Hodges & L Taylor 52 25 Kinston
Whitfield Grady 62 25 Woodington
Harriet Parrott& 4 others 54 24 Bear Creek
John Coward 32 24 Contentnea
Caleb Wiggins 70 24 Contentnea
Mrs. Benj. Miller 55 24 Woodington
Nancy Taylor ? 24 Woodington
Hardy Sutton 54 23 Bear Creek
Elbert Edwards 36 23 Contentnea
L. H. McDaniel 38 23 Kinston-Town
Lewis Miller 32 23 Kinston-Town
James Nunn 54 23 Trent
Nathan B. Whitfield 24 23 Trent
Ann C. Davis 23 Trent
Joshua J. Herring 38 22 Bear Creek
J. J. Hines ? 22 Bear Creek
James Kilpatrick 70 22 Contentnea
William Pope 30 22 Contentnea
Richard Rouse 72 22 Trent
Benj F. Davis 22 Woodington
John Loftin 53 22 Woodington
John C. Wooten 37 22 Woodington
Robert H. Bruton 22 Woodington
James Warters 48 21 Bear Creek
Noah and Eliza Palmer.
guardians of Noah Rouse 10, 12 21 Bear Creek
Charlton Edwards 39 21 Contentnea
Simon E, Hodges 28 21 Kinston
James T. Albritton 31 21 Kinston
Calvin Rouse 44 21 Kinston
John H. Peebles 46 21 Kinston-Town
John Rhem 44 21 Sand Hill
Richard Noble ? 21 Trent
James Davis ? 21 Trent
William Warters 44 20 Bear Creek
J. F. I. Sutton 37 20 Bear Creek
Thomas Dawson 79 20 Bear Creek
John P. Dunn Estate 20 Contentnea
Mrs. Mary Edwards 36 20 Contentnea
Calvin Tucker 38 20 Kinston
J. M. Pridgen 21 20 Kinston
John F. Wooten 37 20 Kinston-Town
Alexander Nicol 36 20 Kinston-Town
John S. Davis# 34 20 Trent
Jesse Jackson 43 20 Woodington
10-19
Ava Allen 34 19 Bear Creek
Elizabeth Sutton 65 19 Bear Creek
Noah Rouse 30 19 Bear Creek
Sarah M. Dunn 37 19 Contentnea
Curtis Phillips 66 19 Contentnea
Needham Moore 53 19 Kinston
George Washington 42 19 Kinston-Town
Pinckney Hardee 58 19 Kinston-Town
William Fields 46 19 Kinston-Town
Wiley Rouse 42 19 Trent
Josiah Sutton 49 18 Bear Creek
Stephen Miller 35 18 Contentnea
Cynthia Dunn 56 18 Kinston
John M. Aldridge 40 18 Kinston-Town
Reuben Barrow 60 18 Kinston-Town
John Stubbs 50 18 Kinston-Town
Jesse Kinsey 29 18 Trent
Wm T. Wooten 18 Trent
Oliver Herring 61 18 Woodington
Josiah Wooten 42 17 Bear Creek
Samuel Aldredge 17 Contentnea
Lemuel J. Mewborn 27 17 Kinston
Susan Mewborn 49 17 Kinston
Thomas Davis 40 17 Trent
Allen W. Wooten 52 17 Trent
Richard L. Wooten 8 16 Bear Creek
Thomas W. Rouse 28 16 Bear Creek
Tully Moseley 52 16 Contentnea
Thomas A. Heath, guard. 8 minors 16 Contentnea
Susan Mewborne 18 16 Kinston
L. A. Byrd 16 Kinston
B. F. Parrott 22 16 Kinston
John W. Cobb, guardian 16 Kinston-Town
John B. Stanly 29 16 Kinston-Town
Jacob West 42 16 Sand Hill
H. W. Blount 39 16 Trent
Wm J. Hunter 32 16 Woodington
Adam C. Davis 38 15 Bear Creek
Benj. Rouse 15 Bear Creek
James Kilpatrick 70 15 Contentnea
Jacob A Hartsfield 38 15 Kinston
Joseph P. Hardy 27 15 Kinston
5 minors, guard. of Susan Mewborn 15 Kinston
Guard. to Nannie & Albert Coward 16, 11 Kinston-Town
Anna(?) Stanly 15 Trent
Alex L. Rouse 46 15 Woodington
Mrs. Nancy Sugg 52 14 Bear Creek
Susan Waters 72 14 Bear Creek
Guardians of James M. Parrott 14 Kinston
R. E. Davis 32 14 Trent
Mrs. S. E. Whitfield 50 14 Trent
Nathan B. Whitfield 24 14 Trent
John P. Miller 26 14 Woodington
Elizabeth Cauly 64 14 Woodington
William Daily 46 13 Bear Creek
Wm Ormond 60 13 Contentnea
Joshua Rouse 44 13 Contentnea
Alfred Moore 47 13 Kinston
J. H. Rountree 29 13 Kinston
Joseph Williams 27 13 Kinston
John Jackson 57 13 Sand Hill
John H. Jackson 22 13 Sand Hill
W. L. Kilpatrick 13 Sand Hill
Daniel Hines 46 13 Trent
Stephen Gooding 38 13 Woodington
Anthony Davis 41 12 Trent
John Leary 12 Trent
Miss S. E. Whitfield 22 12 Trent
Penelope Taylor 59 12 Woodington
Chas Holland 35 12 Woodington
Benj F. Sutton 32 11 Bear Creek
Matthew H. Carr 66 11 Contentnea
Rachel Bright 57 11 Kinston
Willis Pipkin 40 11 Trent
William G. Taylor 33 11 Woodington
Stephen Hines 48 11 Woodington
Mary Parker 59 11 Woodington
William Cummings 30 11 Woodington
Alexander Wilson 46 10 Bear Creek
James M. Patrick 49 10 Bear Creek
Luther Babbitt 45 10 Bear Creek
Nancy Herring 10 Bear Creek
Richard B. Taylor 39 10 Contentnea
F. H. Laroque 42 10 Contentnea
E. F. Albritton 29 10 Kinston
Walter Kennedy 48 10 Kinston
Evan Williams 40 10 Kinston-Town
R. D. Nunn 54 10 Kinston-Town
John Pearce 38 10 Sand Hill
Geo W. Jones 10 Trent
Redding Croom 66 10 Woodington
R. B. Cauly 22 10 Woodington
Zack Davis 52 10 Woodington
<10
Wright Phillips 56 9 Contentnea
Jacob Langston 60 9 Contentnea
J. T. Askew 27 9 Kinston
Ann E. Green 60 9 Kinston-Town
Lewis B. Cox 23 9 Kinston-Town
D. S. Block 9 Kinston-Town
Mary Allen 50 9 Kinston-Town
E. F. Cox 21 9 Kinston-Town
Smithy Powell 48 9 Kinston-Town
Trustee Nancy Tull 9 Kinston-Town
Samuel Howard 9 Sand Hill
Sarah Loftin 9 Woodington
Thomas Hill 8 Bear Creek
Jerre Sutton 8 Bear Creek
Thomas Moseley 30 8 Contentnea
Lemuel H. Mewborn 8 Contentnea
Nancy Hodges 52 8 Kinston
R. F. Bright 32 8 Kinston
Amos Harvey 43 8 Kinston-Town
Elizabeth Blount 60 8 Kinston-Town
Harry C, Barwick 46 8 Sand Hill
W. H. West 32 8 Sand Hill
John B. Bryan 34 8 Sand Hill
Isaac Stroud 8 Trent
Wm. A. Croom 32 8 Trent
Hayward Waller 36 8 Woodington
Penelope Becton 39 8 Woodington
Shepherd Jones 64 8 Woodington
Alexander M. Dawson 12 7 Bear Creek
Stephen Hardy 26 7 Bear Creek
Geo. F. Whitfield 28 7 Bear Creek
Haywood Warters 45 7 Bear Creek
Bettie Gray, guardian,
and 4 others 17 7 Bear Creek
Josephus Pittman 40 7 Contentnea
5 heirs, guardians of Wm Pope ? 7 Contentnea
Warren Kilpatrick 50 7 Kinston
F. B. Taylor 40 7 Kinston
M. H. Dunn. Guardian 7 Kinston
William W. Dunn 28 7 Kinston
4 minors, guardians of Edith Barwick 7 Kinston
Susan Holland 49 7 Kinston-Town
Lewis Jones 52 7 Trent
John W. Hardy and 3 others 7 Trent
Joseph Waller 68 7 Woodington
W. H. Cunningham 6 Bear Creek
Levi Dawson (held by Tho Dawson) 6 Bear Creek
Wm H. Whitfield 48 6 Bear Creek
Susan Daily Jr. 35 6 Bear Creek
J. M. Pridgen and 6 others 21 6 Kinston
D. A. Hill 34 6 Kinston
William Gray 44 6 Kinston
A. D. Smith 30 6 Kinston
Sarah C. Hodges 16 6 Kinston
Simon W. Bright 29 6 Kinston
W. F. Loftin 20 6 Sand Hill
J. W. Kinsey, guardian 38 6 Trent
Zenas Davis 7 6 Trent
Abram Armanie 48 6 Trent
Benj. Rouse Jr. 29 6 Trent
Wilson Tilghman 39 6 Trent
Council Hooten 42 6 Trent
Robert B. Vause 30 6 Woodington
James Jones 6 Woodington
E. P. Loftin 26 6 Woodington
Chancey Gray 38 6 Woodington
John A. Sutton 38 6 Woodington
Stephen Phillips, as administrator 6 Woodington
Sukie 5 Bear Creek
Franklin Brothers 42 5 Bear Creek
Blany W. Pridgen 39 5 Bear Creek
Elizabeth Fields 50 5 Bear Creek
Benj. G. Hardy 27 5 Bear Creek
Lemuel Sutton 23 5 Bear Creek
Joel Elmore 39 5 Bear Creek
Thomas Sutton 5 Bear Creek
Samuel Aldredge, guard to 4 minors 5 Contentnea
Thomas Hill 5 Kinston
John Kennedy 53 5 Kinston
W. J. Herring 27 5 Kinston
Alex Hill 5 Kinston
Pinckney Hill 30 5 Kinston
Moses Patterson 35 5 Kinston-Town
Justus Kinsey 29 5 Kinston-Town
Math. Harvey 30 5 Kinston-Town
Guard. to Nannie Stanly 11 5 Kinston-Town
John T. Walsh 44 5 Kinston-Town
Mary E. Barwick 44 5 Sand Hill
C. H. Clark 26 5 Trent
W. H. Sutton 27 5 Woodington
Henry N. Croom 30 5 Woodington
Charles S. Croom 20 5 Woodington
Wm L. Parker 21 5 Woodington
Mary Herring 5 Woodington
Josiah Aldridge 4 Bear Creek
William Arthur 25 4 Bear Creek
S. B. Dozier 38 4 Bear Creek
R. H. & Clarissa Best 53, 53 4 Bear Creek
Wm Aldredge 4 Bear Creek
Jesse W. Aldredge 22 4 Bear Creek
Frederick Fields 20 4 Bear Creek
D. A. Murphy 4 Bear Creek
Richard Abbott 38 4 Contentnea
D. H. Phillips 41 4 Contentnea
Lany Dixon 34 4 Contentnea
Travis King 35 4 Contentnea
Winnie Wiggins 40 4 Contentnea
F. M. Pittman 30 4 Contentnea
J. C. Hartsfield 30 4 Kinston
Josiah Sugg 26 4 Kinston
Major Hill 26 4 Kinston
Edith Barwick 37 4 Kinston
John T. Coleman 29 4 Kinston-Town
J. G. Herring 43 4 Kinston-Town
E. H. Chadwick 29 4 Kinston-Town
Sarah Stevenson 38 4 Kinston-Town
L. B. Hardy 24 4 Kinston-Town
J. M. Turner, guardian 46 4 Trent
Daniel Hines 46 4 Trent
John L. Lee 4 Trent
Guardian to Rebecca Croom 16 4 Trent
George Jones 45 4 Trent
Nancy Williams 4 Woodington
Stephen Waller 40 4 Woodington
Jarman Becton 26 4 Woodington
John Taylor 4 Woodington
A. H. Evans 32 4 Woodington
Stephen Cauly 38 4 Woodington
William Sutton 35 4 Woodington
Silas Lassiter 65 3 Bear Creek
Thomas W. Dawson 40 3 Bear Creek
Robert Daily 42 3 Bear Creek
John W. Sutton 22 3 Bear Creek
Alsa Gregory 53 3 Bear Creek
Alexander Fields 3 Bear Creek
Jeremiah Waters 32 3 Bear Creek
J. H. Coward, guardian to 6 minors 3 Contentnea
Arden Wiggins 34 3 Contentnea
Augustus Moseley 37 3 Contentnea
Administrator of N. Loftin estate 3 Kinston
W. H. Hill 30 3 Kinston
Patsy Henby 40 3 Kinston
C. M. Griffin 30 3 Kinston-Town
Richard W. Davis 3 Kinston-Town
Guard. To W. F. Stanly 16 3 Kinston-Town
W. B. Moye 19 3 Kinston-Town
Stephen White 48 3 Kinston-Town
W. L. Kilpatrick, guardian to 3 3 Sand Hill
W. H. West, guardian to minors 3 Sand Hill
Mr. C. C. Lawson 29 3 Trent
Michael Tilghman 51 3 Trent
James G. Davis 25 3 Trent
Saml Croom 36 3 Trent
Frank Jones 3 Trent
W. C. R. Loftin 3 Woodington
Jesse Holland 25 3 Woodington
Chas. Fuller 63 2 Bear Creek
Deborah Nethercutt 22 2 Bear Creek
Wm H. Warters 27 2 Bear Creek
H. H. Gibbons 40 2 Bear Creek
Jesse H. Rouse 2 Bear Creek
Wm Aldredge 2 Bear Creek
Employ. From Canadys’ estate 2 Bear Creek
M. Fields estate 2 Bear Creek
Joseph Hines 2 Bear Creek
Celis (?) 2 Bear Creek
James Sutton 2 Bear Creek
Wm L. Phillips 27 2 Contentnea
Elizabeth Tuton 41 2 Contentnea
Catherine Abbott and 4 others 45 2 Contentnea
B. Langston 31 2 Contentnea
Franklin Harvey 2 Contentnea
R. J. Herring 37 2 Kinston
Wiley Dupree 2 Kinston
Henderson Loftin 43 2 Kinston
James R. Hodges 14 2 Kinston
W. C. Brown 29 2 Kinston-Town
S. B. West 25 2 Kinston-Town
Amos Shelfer 50 2 Kinston-Town
Nicholas Hunter 41 2 Kinston-Town
W. A. J. Pollock 45 2 Kinston-Town
Jacob Daugherty 59 2 Sand Hill
Smithy Davis 55 2 Trent
Elizabeth Clark 50 2 Trent
Jason Loftin 2 Woodington
Ivy Becton 55 2 Woodington
Eli Loftin 2 Woodington
Wm H. Whitfield 48 2 Woodington
Frank Cauly 26 2 Woodington
Lott Croom 21 2 Woodington
Josiah Bell 35 1 Bear Creek
Drury Hill 69 1 Bear Creek
D. C. Styron 24 1 Bear Creek
Wm B. Reid 32 1 Bear Creek
Elizabeth Whitley 52 1 Bear Creek
Nancy Elliott 59 1 Bear Creek
Levi Branson 28 1 Bear Creek
Richard Hill 1 Bear Creek
James Fields 45 1 Bear Creek
Wilie Gurganus 46 1 Bear Creek
Wilie Canadys 1 Bear Creek
Benj. Canadys estate 1 Bear Creek
Benj. M. Fields estate 1 Bear Creek
Henry Fields 37 1 Bear Creek
employ. From Parker 1 Bear Creek
Benj. Warters 30 1 Bear Creek
James M. Kirkpatrick 25 1 Bear Creek
John Fields 40 1 Bear Creek
William Dawson 62 1 Bear Creek
Susan Daily 69 1 Bear Creek
Joshua Daily 40 1 Bear Creek
Hardy Sutton 25 1 Bear Creek
Nancy Sutton 1 Bear Creek
Winny Barwick 68 1 Bear Creek
James Uzzell 45 1 Bear Creek
Saml Chesnutt 33 1 Contentnea
James P. Thomas 32 1 Contentnea
Susan Dunn 36 1 Contentnea
Margaret Phillips 67 1 Contentnea
Walter Tuton 13 1 Contentnea
Wm T. Harts 43 1 Contentnea
Edward Brooks 48 1 Contentnea
Wm M. Cox 8 1 Contentnea
Joseph Allen and 8 others 1 Contentnea
Jos. B. Taylor 28 1 Contentnea
P. N. Pittman 33 1 Contentnea
Lewis Kilpatrick 40 1 Contentnea
Levi A. Mewborn 17 1 Contentnea
James L. Cannady 41 1 Contentnea
B. W. Cannady 5 1 Contentnea
John Sutton 1 Kinston
Celina Lewis 35 1 Kinston
Oliver Bedard 40 1 Kinston
Elizabeth Harper 67 1 Kinston
F. G. Griffin 37 1 Kinston-Town
Stephen Nunn 26 1 Kinston-Town
J. A. Patterson 43 1 Kinston-Town
H. M. Hines 30 1 Kinston-Town
M. W. Campbell 46 1 Kinston-Town
H. R. Strong 25 1 Kinston-Town
A. R. Miller 30 1 Kinston-Town
E. H. Dill 27 1 Kinston-Town
Winny J. Miller 25 1 Kinston-Town
W. H. Patrick 1 Kinston-Town
R. C. Hay 37 1 Kinston-Town
Bryan McCullen 39 1 Kinston-Town
Dibble and Bro. 1 Kinston-Town
B. C. West 28 1 Kinston-Town
J. H. Stevenson 36 1 Kinston-Town
James P. Bryan 30 1 Kinston-Town
William Moore 26 1 Sand Hill
Mary Daugherty 46 1 Sand Hill
Evan E. Noble 29 1 Trent
Wm. Davenport 48 1 Trent
Winnie Stroud 45 1 Trent
Constantine Whitfield 72 1 Trent
F. G. Dupree 45 1 Trent
Jesse Hardy 1 Trent
Mary Hill 1 Woodington
Mary __?__ 1 Woodington
Zach Howard 54 1 Woodington
Wilie Davis 48 1 Woodington
William Cummings 30 1 Woodington
Mary Becton 11 1 Woodington
James A. Hood 36 1 Woodington
Thomas Cauly 21 1 Woodington
Robert A. Hill 37 1 Woodington
William Sutton, as guardian 1 Woodington
Much of the comparative information found in this and the following
paragraphs was determined by consulting the Geospatial and Statistical
Data Center of the University of Virginia as found on the world wide web.
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http://www.usgwarchives.net/copyright.htm
This file was contributed for use in the USGenWeb Archives by
Francis R. Hodges [frhodges42@yahoo.com]
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