Baldwin County GaArchives History .....History of Baldwin County - Daughters of the American Revolution 1925
************************************************
Copyright. All rights reserved.
http://www.usgwarchives.net/copyright.htm
http://www.usgwarchives.net/ga/gafiles.htm
************************************************
File contributed for use in USGenWeb Archives by:
Joy Fisher http://www.genrecords.net/emailregistry/vols/00001.html#0000031 October 6, 2004, 9:26 pm
PART IV
Regents of the NANCY HART CHAPTER
Daughters of the American Revolution
and a History of their Work
By LEOLA SELMAN BEESON
ETTA KINCAID CHAPPELL
1900-1901-1902-1903
"There is always the man for the occasion."
The minutes of the first meeting of the Daughters of the American
Revolution, held in Milledgeville, read as follows:
Mrs. J. Harris Chappell organized a Chapter of the Daughters of the American
Revolution, Feb. 7, 1900, consisting of the following members:
Mrs. J. Harris Chappell, Regent
Mrs. Jeanette Cone, Vice-Regent
Mrs. Laura Compton Miller, Secretary,
Mrs. Leola Beeson, Registrar
Miss Mary Andrews, Treasurer
Mrs. Sarah Allen
Mrs. Anna Cook
Mrs. Jessie Phillips
Miss Alice Osborne Napier
Mrs. M. A. Roberts.
Mrs. Callie Woofter
Miss Rosa Scott Whitaker
Mrs. Richardson
Mrs. A. Joseph
Miss Ellen Fox
LAURA COMPTON MILLER, Secretary.
When a Greek of the herioc age thought of a forefather, he exclaimed, "The
trophies of Miltiades will not let me sleep"—-by recalling deeds of valor, he
himself rose to victory.
So should it be with members of the D, A. R., when they remember what their
forefathers did in
-----------------
p. 154
weaving the fabric of our nation—in which fabric, the golden threads of their
heroism stand out in bright relief.
Mrs. Chappell was the centre if not altogether the guiding spirit of the
Chapter in its early days. She caused interest to grow more and more in
"Those mighty pioneers
Whose every step was toil and sacrifice.
And think you that the tears
And heart-breaks of that fierce three hundred years
Have been forgot?
No! Every mile of our vast nation's spread
Is sacred with our dead,
And every page upon our record roll
Has its herioc soul."
Nancy Hart was the herioc soul for whom the regent named the Chapter. The
delightful description of this war-woman by Joel Chandler Harris, was read at
the very first meeting after organization; and the little volume, "Stories of
Georgia," from which it was taken, is a treasured souvenir.
In addition to Harris’ story of Nancy Hart, the Chapter has enjoyed Gilmer’s
story and White's story and Mrs. Ellett's story, and the Union Recorder's story
of 1825, and all the stories of the Atlanta Journal and the Sunny South,
published in 1901. Years ago, the Chapter was presented with Mrs. Loulie Kendall
Rogers' sketch of this Revolutionary heroine. Mrs, Rogers sent also a sketch
written by Mr. H. B. Mitchell, and the original story in the Recorder, copied
from the Yorkville (S. C.) Pioneer, all of which are published in this Chapter.
So impressed was the Nancy Hart Chapter with the valor of its patron saint,
that in 1901, almost its first money, in partnership with that of the Stephen
Heard Chapter, was spent in the purchase of a five-
-----------------
p. 155
acre tract of land—the site of Nancy Hart's cabin, with the spring nearby.
The Chapter possesses a gavel made from wood from the very limb on which the
Tories were hanged!
The early minutes of the Chapter record the search for graves of
Revolutionary soldiers; and announce the discovery of the grave of Abner Hammond
in the city cemetery and the repairng of Capt. Beckom's grave on Smith's mount.
One recalls with pride and pleasure the fact that Dr. J. Harris Chappell,
that eloquent and distinguished first President of what was then The Georgia
Normal and Industrial College, gave the benefits of his great talents as a
lecturer to the Nancy Hart Chapter. Mrs. Robert Emory Park, State Regent, was
Mrs. Chappell's guest during her term of office.
From the organization of the Chapter to the present day, the study of
American History has been encouraged in the schools of the town and the County.
The first prize was offered in 1903, and the secretary recorded the expression
of the Chapter "to make the presentation of it an event in the school."
The Chapter members still recall to mind the day on which Mrs. Chappell gave
a Colonial Tea, at the old Governor's Mansion, her home.
The beautiful old Mansion was lighted with wax candles, and the old spinet
was used to play the accompaniments to the old time songs, and the guests were
dressed in Colonial costumes. Contrasting this scene of beauty with one of
pioneer days, one can truly say:
"Oh woman of ease in these happier days
Forbear to judge of thy sisters' ways.
How much thy beautiful life may owe
To her faith and courage, thou cans't not know."
-----------------
p. 156
A TRUE HISTORY OF NANCY HART
By MRS. LOULIE KENDALL ROGERS
As there seems to be some doubt connecting the history, or even the
existence of this brave old heroine of the Revolution, I will come to her
rescue, and give publicity to a few facts in my possession, which will be an
evidence undeniable that Nancy Hart really lived, and was a noble, true woman
who did all she could for the establishment of our glorious republic.
I have often thought of publishing these facts, but could not do so without
introducing a certain amount of family history in which I have inherited, and
justly, too, the old Carolinian pride of ancestry. These long cherished records
of past generations have been kept only to hand down to my children; not for
publication. But when the gifted author of the "History of Georgia People," and
of other books, Rev. G. G. Smith, in the Macon Telegraph (copied in the Atlanta
Journal) asks: "Was Nancy Hart a Creation of Romance?," I feel it would not be
just to withhold them from the Daughters of the American Revolution.
Dr. Smith says, "This is a story of fiction. There was no such person as
Nancy Hart in real life. It is just a pretty story that was written, and it made
such a hit, that the character of Nancy Hart has been given a place in history."
Dr. Smith is a valued friend of our family and I have often wished he could
have met my grandmother, Mrs. Winifred Lane Rogers, before writing this story;
for she was a personal friend of Nancy Hart, and well acquainted with the
pioneer Methodist of Georgia. Winifred Lane's father, Capt. Jesse Lane, was a
member of the Third North Carolina Continentals, and moved to Georgia in 1784.
His brother, Col. Joel Lane, the founder of Raleigh, was a member of the first
provincial congress, and the assembly often met at
-----------------
p. 157
his house, which is still standing,—-a grand old relic of his whole-souled
patriotism.
Patience Lane, his niece and sister of my grandmother, was born Friday,
March 8, 1765, and married John Hart, the second son of Nancy Hart, in 1787.
The following letter to my mother, Mrs. Louisa H. Kendall, from Dr. Neisler,
formerly of Athens, dated Butler, Ga., February 8, 1872, and her reply in
relation to the history of Mrs. Hart, will give the facts much more accurately
than I can state them. Dr. Neisler says:
"My mother is with me and a few evenings since, the conversation chanced to
turn on Nancy Hart, of Revolutionary fame. She informed me that when my
grandfather moved to Georgia in 1803, Nancy Hart was living with her son, John
Hart, from whom he had bought the lease of the place which he intended to
occupy; and furthermore that this John Hart was your uncle, having married your
mother's sister.
"I was delighted as well as surprised, for having little to engage my
thoughts, I had been some time rummaging among the musty chronicles of the
state, and while doing this I had met with a very meager account of Nancy Hart,
and I thought I had found the means of learning something more of that
remarkable woman and her family than is generally known.
"I should like to know in what county John Hart lived when he married your
aunt, whether your mother knew anything that she can recall to mind concerning
the woman, her general appearance, her exploits, especially her capture of the
Tories, and in what state that took place?
"John Hart was a man of considerable property for those times, was much
respected and elevated far above the mass of the population of the country.
"I find by reference to Clayton's digest of the laws of Georgia from the
year 1801 to 1810, page 35 in the act to divide the county of Jackson, passed De-
-----------------
p. 158
cember 5, 1801, "John Hart with four others were appointed to fix on the most
convenient and central place of said county of Clarke at which courts of
elections may be held," and was thus one of the fathers of Watkinsville."
The reply is as follows:
Bellwood, Upson Co., Ga.
February 22, 1872.
My Dear Dr. Neisler:
I shall be pleased to answer all inquiries in my power concerning Mrs. Nancy
Hart, whom I have heard of ever since my childhood. She, with her husband and
younger children moved from Edgefield, S. C., to Georgia in its earliest history
and settled on Broad river, Elbert county, where she remained many years. John
Hart, her son, married one of my mother's older sisters, Patience Lane, 1787. He
remained in Elbert a year, then moved near my grandfather, Jesse Lane, who lived
on Long Creek, three miles from Lexington, in Oglethorpe County, which was a
wilderness and had not been named. After living there several years, Mr. Hart
moved to Spark's Fort, three miles below Athens on the other side of the
river—the Indians being exceedingly troublesome on .this side. He remained there
one year only, then bought or leased land near a valuable plantation owned by my
grandfather Lane, on the Oconee, a few miles below Athens. This property was
afterwards bought by Colonel Harden.
John Hart then bought the land purchased by your grandfather, Mitchell,
above Athens, but not long afterward moved to Kentucky, taking with him, his
mother, Nancy Hart, who was related to the Morgans of that state. Ben Hart, her
husband, was brother to the celebrated Col. Thomas Hart, of Kentucky, who was
the father of the wife of Henry Clay. It is thought
-----------------
p. 159
that Thomas Hart Benton is also a member of the same family.
My mother says "Aunt Nancy Hart," as she was always called, was in possesion
of considerable property when she knew her, and able to provide well for her
family, though she lost much by moving from place to place. Her husband indulged
her every wish, or she always "carried her point," at least, and she made a good
wife and a very affectionate mother. She was the mother of eight children, six
sons and two daughters. The sons were Morgan, John, Thomas, Benjamin, Lemuel and
Mark. The girls were Sarah, who married Hugh Thompson, and Keziah married Mr.
Compton, of lower Georgia.
She often told my mother, Winnie Lane, of her exploits with the Tories,
which happened in this state; as she preceded my grandfather in this state many
years.
Her husband, Ben Hart, was not a coward, as some histories represent him,
but was necessarily compelled to take his stock and negroes to the swamps to
save them and his own life. The Tories, much to their credit, never shot at
women, but killed all the men they could find unarmed. Nancy Hart was conscious
of her power and a stranger to fear; so she always went to the mill, several
miles off, entirely alone, and related to my mother an incident that has never
been in print. One day, while on her rounds, she was met by a band of Tories
with the British colors striped on their clothing and hats. They knew her and
asked for her "pass." She shook her fist at them and replied, "this is my pass,
touch me if you dare!"
Being amused at her answer and wishing to have some fun, they dismounted the
old lady and threw her corn to the ground, laughing at her trouble. But this did
not disconcert her in the least, and with her brave, muscular strength she
coolly lifted the two and a half bushels of corn and proceeded to the mill. She
often boastingly said that she could do what few men could,
-----------------
p. 160
and that was to stand in a half bushel measure and shoulder two and a half
bushels of corn.
Many Tories lived on the other side of the river, opposite her cabin, and
she had many trials with them, as they enjoyed worrying her. The stories of
capturing a large number at her own table, and throwing hot, boiling soap into
the face of one who was peeping at her, are true.
There was a large oaken stump near her home in which she cut a notch for her
gun. Concealing herself in the undergrowth around, she watched for Tories as
they crossed the river, and without compunction, shot them down, and blew the
conch shell for her husband to deliver their bodies over to the proper authorities.
From these facts the Daughters of the American Revolution may be well
assured that Nancy Hart was not a myth, but a veritable reality, and perhaps
accomplished as much for her country as any one soldier of the Revolution.
I regret not knowing anything of her life after removal to Kentucky. I do
not know whether she ever returned to Georgia, but she lived at St. Mary's in
this state, before living with her, son, John Hart.
Let Georgia render "honor to whom honor is due," and respect the memory of
one who did what she could for her state.
NANCY HART WAS NO MYTH
By H. B. MITCHELL
There can be absolutely no shadow of doubt of the fact, when such a
historian as Georgia's former governor, George R. Gilmer, bears witness thereto.
In his work entitled "Georgians," a copy of which I possess, he devotes an
entire chapter to Nancy Hart and states that when a boy he had often, from his
father's place, viewed her cabin across Broad river, where it
-----------------
p. 161
had been washed and lodged against some trees by the great freshet of 1795. It
originally stood about one mile up the river, and nearly opposite the residence
of Gov. Matthews. He does not specify in which county, but the former site of
Governor Matthews' home, which can no doubt be easily traced, would establish
the location.
"The cabin"—I quote the author's words—"was called Nancy Hart's, because her
husband was 'nobody' when she was by." Nancy Hart was one of the North Carolina
emigrants. She was a tall, muscular, red-headed, cross-eyed woman. In the
contest between the Whigs and Tories in the Revolutionary War, she proved
herself every inch a Whig. Nancy Hart's confident courage stirred into patriotic
action many vacillating British-fearing men of the times. When the Whigs of
upper Georgia were flying from the murdering and plundering of the Tories and
.their superiors, she stood her ground; ever disposed and ready to defend
herself and hers from her country's foes. All agreed that she knew no fear and
that she was untiring in attacking the Tories. One of my father's negroes, when
dying with consumption, imagined that apples, such as he used to eat at Lethe,
his old master's place in Virginia, would cool his fever. The only place where
apples could be had in the neighborhood was Nancy Hart's. My mother supposing
that she could procure them more certainly than any one else, went to Nancy
Hart's cabin for that purpose. Soon after she was seated, two men rode up and
asked for apples for their wives. Nancy cursed them and their wives. Though
apples were given to the men, my mother was deterred by Nancy's rudeness from
asking for any. But she was as kind as she was rude. She took my mother into the
orchard and filled her pockets, which, according to the custom of the times,
were two little bags attached to a belt around the body, for holding everything
she had use for in keeping house.
-----------------
p. 162
When civilization began to extend its gentle influences over the
frontier-people of upper Georgia, Nancy Hart left her accustomed haunts for the
west. She settled for a while on the Tombigbee. A great rain flooded the river,
destroyed her crop and inclosed her house within its overflowing. She had no
love for the Spaniards, nor for the ways of the French, her neighbors. She
returned to Georgia, and finding her old residence occupied by others, settled
in Edgefield, South Carolina.
When the preached word was heard instead of the drum, and the peoples'
thoughts began to be occupied about the results of their final account, instead
of sending others to the judgment seat unprepared, Nancy Hart's conscience
became troubled about her future state. A Methodist society was formed in her
neighborhood. She went to the house of worship in search of relief. She found
the good people assembled in class meeting, and the door closed against
intruders. She took out her knife, cut the fastening and stalked in. She heard
how the wicked might work out their salvation; became a shouting Christian,
fought the devil as manfully as she fought the Tories, and died in good
fellowship with the saints on earth, with bright hopes of being admitted into
communion with those in heaven.
I was a member of Congress in 1826-29. General Jackson's successful election
to the presidency put the ambitious members all agog to attract his favorable
notice. One of the means used was proposing to fill the vacant niches in the
rotunda with paintings descriptive of the battle of New Orleans and his other
victories. I prepared a resolution as an addition or substitute to fill one
niche with a painting of Nancy Hart wading Broad river; her clothes tucked up
under one arm, a musket under the other, and three Tories ahead, on her way to
the camp of the Whigs to de-
-----------------
p. 163
liver them up to the tender mercies of Colonel Elijah Clark.
This is incontrovertible evidence and should forever setlle any doubt that
such a woman as Nancy Hart really did exist, and I trust it may prove of service
in establishing her final resting place.
Mrs. David Hart, of Henderson, Kentucky, writes the following: "Nancy Morgan
Hart is buried a few miles out from Henderson in the old Hart burial grounds. I
am a great, great, grand-daughter. Miss Sugg, Nancy Hart's great-grand-daughter
is living."
A letter from Miss Annie McS. Dennis Hart, dated April 7, 1925, at
Henderson, Kentucky, states; "There is no doubt of this being her burial place,
as she was remembered by Miss Juliet Sugg, age 98, who was her great
grand-daughter. She was the daughter of D. Morgan and he settled Morganfield in
1730, and as is said, died there, but was removed by Washington's request."
The above information was sent to Mrs. James I. Garrard by Mrs. Edna Arnold
Copeland, Elberton, Georgia, May, 1925.
STORY OF NANCY HART
This story of Nancy Hart was published in the Milledgeville Recorder in
1825; and according to Rev. George White in his Historical Collections of
Georgia, is the same story which originally appeared in the Yorkville (S. C.)
Pioneer. It is as follows:
"This old-fashioned matron of Amazaonian strength and habits," says the
Recorder, "occupied such a conspicuous station during the times that tried men's
souls, and women's, too, that it is thought expedient to take a passing notice
of some of her most prominent actions; particularly as the old Revolutionary
stock is nearly gone, and their deeds, like the
-----------------
p. 164
white sails of vessels disappearing in the mist of the ocean, become more
indistinct, until they are lost—or will be so distorted by tradition that
credulity itself might pause at their recital. The following particulars are
based on incontrovertible facts:
"Nancy Hart and her husband settled before the Revolutionary struggle a few
miles above the Ford on Broad river, known by the name of the Fishdam Ford near
a very extensive canebrake. An apple orchard still remains to point out the
spot, and to prove the provident powers of its planter. In altitude, Mrs. Hart
was almost Patagonian and remarkably well limbed and muscular—in a word, she was
lofty and sour—she possessed none of that nobility of nerve which characterizes
modern times—marked by nature with prominent features, circumstances and
accident added perhaps not a little to her peculiarities. She possessed none of
those graces of motion which a poetical eye might see in the heave of the ocean
wave or the change of the summer cloud; nor did her cheeks (I will not speak of
her nose) exhibit those rosy tints that dwell on the brow of the evening or play
on the gilded bow: no one claims for her throat that it was lined with fiddle
strings, but this must be acknowledged; that her step bespoke energy, and be it
said only for the sake of truth that she could round off regardless of being
called a hard swearer. The perforating punch of the gatemaker never did closer
work on the yielding tin than did that dreadful scourge of beauty, the smallpox
when it set its emphatic signature on her face. She was horribly cross-eyed, as
well as cross-grained, but nevertheless she was a sharpshooter. Nothing was more
common than to see her in full pursuit of the stag—the huge antlers that hung
around her cabin or upheld her trusty gun gave proof of her skill of gunnery—and
the white comb drained of its honey and hung up for ornament testified her
powers in bee finding. She was remarkable for her
-----------------
p. 165
frequent robberies on these patterns of industry and piqued herself on the
invention of an infallible bait for their discovery. Many can testify to her
magical art in the mazes of cookery, being able to get up a pumpkin in as many
forms as there are days in the week; she was extensively known and employed for
her knowledge in the management of all kinds of ailments, and yielded the palm
to no one in the variety and rarity of her medicaments. Her skill and knowledge
took a wider and more profitable range, for it is a well known fact that she
held a tract of land by the safe tenure of a first survey, which was made on the
Sabbath, hatchet in hand. But she was most remarkable for her military feats.
She possessed high-toned ideas of liberty—nor could the marriage knot restrain
her on that subject. Like the 'Wife of Bath'
"She received over her tongue-scourged husband,
The reins of absolute command.
With all the government of house and land,
And empire o'er his house and o'er his land."
When War Clouds Gathered
"The clouds of war gathered and burst with a dreadful explosion in this
state. Nancy's spirit rose with the tempest. She proved herself "a friend to her
country, ready to do or die."
"All accused of whigism had to swing. The lily-livered Mr. Hart was not the
last to seek safety in the canebrake with his neighbors. They led a prowling,
skulking kind of life, occasionally sallying forth in a kind of predatory style.
The Tories at length determined to beat the brake for them. They, however,
concluded to give Mrs. Hart a call, and in true soldier manner, ordered a
repast. Nancy soon had the necessary materials for a good feast spread before
them—the smoking venison, the tasty hoecake and the fresh honeycomb. These were
sufficient to prove the appetite of a gorged epicure.
-----------------
p. 166
"They simultaneously stacked their arms and seated themselves, when quick as
thought, the dauntless Mrs. Hart seized one of the guns, cocked it and with a
blazing oath declared she would blow out the brains of the first man who offered
to rise or to taste a mouthful. They all knew her character too well to imagine
that she would say one thing and do another, especially if it lay on the side of
the valor.
Captured Six Tories
" 'Go,' said she to one of her sons, 'and tell the Whigs that I have taken
six d— Tories.'
"They sat still, each expecting to be offered up, with a doggedly mean
countenance, bearing the marks of disappointed revenge, shame and unappeased
hunger.
"Whether the incongruity between Nancy's eyes caused each to imagine himself
her immediate object, or whether her commanding attitude and stern and ferocious
fixture of countenance overawed them, or the powerful idea of their
unsoldier-like conduct unnerved them, or the certainty of death, it is not easy
to determine. They were soon relieved and dealt with according to the rules of
the times. This heroine lived to see her country free. She however, found game
and bees decreasing so fast—the country becoming old so fast—to use her own
words—that 'she sold out her possessions in spite of her husband, and was among
the first of the pioneers who paved the way to the wilds of the West'."
-----------------
p. 167
JEANETTE HARVEY CONE
1903-1904-1905-1906
1912-1913-1914
His song was only living aloud,
His work, a singing with his hand!
—Sidney Lanier
Mrs. Cone has the distinction of having served the Nancy Hart Chapter as
Regent, longer than anyone. She had the vision to plan many of the best things
the Chapter has accomplished.
It was she, who in 1904, initiated in Milledgeville, and Baldwin County, the
observance of Georgia Day; and who enlisted the participation of school children
in patriotic exercises. Under her direction, the school children of the town
gave to the Chapter an offering for the Oglethorpe Monument at Savannah.
It was Mrs. Cone who inaugurated the plan for marking Milledgeville's two
most historic buildings; and under her direction, on Georgia Day in 1913, the
pupils of G. N. and I. C., now the Georgia State College for Women, gave to the
Chapter, a contribution of funds for the two bronze tablets.
During her regency, the corner stone of Continental Hall, Washington, D. C.,
was laid, and the Chapter had its representative there. During her regency,
also, the Chapter contributed its "mite" towards the Georgia column at
Continental Hall.
During her regency, Dr. J. Harris Chappel’s book* History Stories of
Georgia, appeared; and his presentation volume to the Nancy Hart Chapter D. A.
R., is treasured.
The Chapter is always glad
"To welcome one who found it good to know
And better yet to do the things
That prove men noble, great and true."
-----------------
p. 168
LEOLA SELMAN BEESON
1906-1907-1908
President Milledgeville Woman's Club, 1917-1918.
President Federated Clubs of Baldwin County, 1918-1919--1920-1921.
President Federated Clubs of Baldwin County 1925.
Chairman Woman's Division for sale of Confederate Memorial Coins in Baldwin
County, 1925.
"We hold the years in our hearts
And all that was, is yet.''
MARY HOWELL SCOTT
1908-1909
Local D. A. R. Chairman for Marking Graves of Revolutionary Soldiers,
1909-1910-1911.
Lord God of Hosts be with us yet,
Lest we forget, lest we forget.
—Kipling.
In recalling the work connected with this patriotic Regent, two events stand
out—the one, where family and friends dressed in historic costumes, welcomed the
D. A. R. guests; the other, when as local D. A. R. chairman of marking the
graves of Revolutionary Soldiers, she presided at the marking of the grave of
one "worthy on Fame's eternall bead-roll to be fyled."
At the former event, was worn a historic costume owned by Mrs. Scott. It is
a rose-colored court dress of silk, which once belonged to Dame Catherine White-
-----------------
p. 169
ly, wife of Arthur Whitely, the first rector of the First Episcopal Church of
Cambridge, Maryland—one of the early churches in Maryland. The establishment of
the church was about 1688.
The guests were served coffee from the beautiful silver coffee-pot brought
from England by the Whitelys at the same time Dame Catherine brought over her
handsome gown.
The second event is described by Lucian Lamar Knight in Georgia Landmarks
Memorials and Legends. One reads as follows: "Eight miles from Milledgeville, in
a grove of forest oaks, is the grave of an old Revolutionary patriot—Major Jacob
Gumm. He was an officer not only in the first but also in the second war with
England, and according to the records, acquitted himself with credit in both
struggles. The place of his burial has been marked by the Nancy Hart Chapter of
the D. A. R., with a handsome stone, finished by the U. S. War Department. The
stone is an excellent specimen of white marble, four feet in height, and is set
upon a granite base, the latter a gift of the Chapter.
"On August 18, 1911, the exercises of unveiling took place in the presence
of several hundred spectators. The day was an ideal one. In addition to the
specially invited guests conveyed to the place in automobiles, there were also a
number of people gathered from the countryside, eager to witness the impressive
ceremonies.
"Mrs. Mary Howell Scott sketched in brief words the story of the movement to
obtain the marker from the United States Government. Miss Cora Gumm, a great
grand-daughter, read a paper on the life of her distinguished ancestor;
President M. M. Parks, of the Georgia Normal and Industrial College, made an
eloquent talk on patriotism; and Mrs. Walter G. Charlton, of Savannah, followed
with an earnest plea for the preservation of historic shrines.
-----------------
p. 170
"Ten descendents of the old Revolutionary soldier were present. It was to be
regretted, however, that his son, Jacob Gumm, Jr., was prevented by the
infirmities of old age from attending the exercises. He lacked only two years of
the century mark; and, while his bent figure might have added something to the
im-pressiveness of the occasion, it was nevertheless an event of great
solemnity, and one long to be remembered."
-----------------
p. 171
IN MEMORIAM
MRS. ROSA SCOTT WH1TAKER SHANKLIN
(1911-1912)
The Pilgrim Way
But once I pass this way,
And then—no more.
But once—and then, the Silent Door
Swings on its hinges,—
Opens——closes,—
And no more
I pass this way.
So while I may,
With all my might,
I will essay
Sweet comfort and delight,
To all I meet upon the Pilgrim way.
For no man travels twice
The Great Highway,
That climbs through Darkness up the Light,—
Through Night
TODAY.
—John Oxenhan.
In Columbia, S. C., on October 12, 1918, departed this life, Mrs. J. A.
Shanklin, before her marriage, Rosa Scott Whitaker.
Mrs. Shanklin has been a member of the Nancy Hart Chapter, since :its
organization, and had served one term as Regent.
It is not for us to question why this young woman, in the fullness of life,
should be taken from husband and children and kindred. She knows and is satisfied.
We know her as a devoted daughter, a nature of fine and sterling qualities,
performing all her duties with conscientious exactness, whether at home, in
church, Chapter, or in social life.
She has left her children that best inheritance, a well spent life.
May perpetual light shine upon her.
MARY H. SCOTT, Chairman
-----------------
p. 172
CARRIE BUDLONG HORNE
1909-1910-1911
1914-1915-1916
Local D. A. R. Chairman of War Relief, 1917-1918.
There's nothing so kingly as kindness
And nothing so royal as truth.
—Alice Carey.
November 23, 1915, was considered the first really great day the Nancy Hart
Chapter ever had. On that day two beautiful bronze markers were unveiled. One
was placed on what was originally the front of the old Capitol building, and the
other was placed on the old Governor's Mansion. On this day the Chapter longed for
"A hundred mouths, a hundred tongues,
And throats of brass inspired with iron lungs"
to tell Georgians what these two buildings stand for in the State's history. No
Georgian should ever be able to say
"The key of yesterday I threw away,
And now before tomorrow's fast locked gate
I helpless stand.
In vain to pray, in vain to sorrow,
Only the key of yesterday unlocks tomorrow."
The Chapter thought then, and still thinks, that in the plan of patriotic
education, such historic buildings are among our chief assets. The preservation
of such buildings is the truest evidence of the love of the living for those who
have made history. By the preservation of such buildings, a people is honored
and exalted.
-----------------
p. 173
In recalling to mind what these buildings and the little town of
Milledgeville, with its five thousand souls, has meant in the history of the
State, one is reminded of James Russell Lowell's saying that he was "saddened
when he saw the success of a nation measured by the number of bushels of wheat
it exported; for the real value of a country must be weighed in scales more
delicate than the balance of trade. The gardens of Sicily are empty now, but the
bees from all climes still fetch honey from the tiny garden of Theocritus. On
the map of the world, you may cover Judea with your thumb, Athens with your
finger-tip, and neither figures in the prices current, but they still live in
the thought and action of every civilized man." As with countries, so it is with
towns. Milledgeville has witnessed the most dramatic scenes in the history of
our State and has exerted a far-reaching influence.
On the occasion of these two unveilings, the Chapter was fortunate in having
two great Georgians to speak—Hon. Lucian Lamar Knight, author and historian, at
the Capitol, and Mrs. T. C. Parker, D. A. R. State Regent, at the Mansion.
Long before his book "Memorials of Dixie Land" had appeared in print, Mr.
Knight generously gave the Nancy Hart Chapter a copy of his address to use in
any way they saw fit. It is a pleasure to enclose it in this Chapter.
The Union Recorder, in describing these two unveilings, reads as follows:
Possibly no event in our city in recent years was of so historic a
significance as the unveiling of bronze tablets placed by the Nancy Hart Chapter
of the Daughters of the American Revolution upon the Mansion and upon the old
Capitol Building today, Tuesday, November 23rd., 1915.
The Nancy Hart Chapter has for some years past been at work preparing for
the tablets and arranging the data for inscription.
-----------------
p. 174
The tablet on the Old Capitol, now Georgia Military College, was placed on
the east side of the building to the right of the main entrance and bore the
following inscription:
"This building is a silent witness of many of the most dramatic events in
the history of Georgia. Erected in 1804, first Legislature met here in 1807, the
last in 1868. The Secession Convention was held here in 1861. Was used as the
Court House of Baldwin County from 1871 to 1880. The use of it was given to the
Georgia Military and Agricultural College October 14, 1879.
"Tablet erected by the Nancy Hart Chapter, Daughters of the American
Eevolution, 1915."
The ceremonies were opened with prayer by Rev. Harold Major, and Mrs. Julius
A. Home, Regent of the Nancy Hart Chapter, introduced Mr. Lucian Knight, who
delivered the address.
Mr. Knight's address was a masterful discussion of the historical facts and
memories which cling around the old capitol and was thoroughly enjoyed by the
audience which had gathered to be present at the unveiling of the tablet.
Mrs. T. C. Parker, of Macon, State Regent, unveiled the tablet, and it was
presented to Col. Horton by Mrs. Julius A. Home. Col. Horton accepting in a very
graceful speech, declared that as Georgia Military College, the old building was
still making Georgia history.
That the tablet should have been unveiled by Mrs. Parker, was a very happy
incident, as her parents, Mr. and Mrs. Derry, were born and raised in this county.
During the course of the program, the G. M. C. band played, "The Star
Spangled Banner," and at the conclusion, "America."
The exercises began at the old Capitol at ten o'clock; at eleven, the
exercises were held at the Mansion.
-----------------
p. 175
The tablet at the mansion contained the following inscription:
"The Daughters of the American Revolution place here this memorial that
Georgians may be forever reminded of the great men who as Governors of our
sovereign state in the critical years of her history dwelt within these walls."
George R. Gilmer, 1837-1839.
Charles J. McDonald, 1839-1843
George M. Crawford, 1843-1847
George W. Towns, 1847-1851
Howell Cobb, 1851-1852
H. V. Johnson 1853-1857
Joseph E. Brown, 1857-1865
Charles J. Jenkins, 1865
At the opening of the exercises at the Mansion a double quartette sang "The
Star Spangled Banner." Mrs. J. L. Beeson introduced the State Regent of the D.
A. R., Mrs. T. C. Parker, of Macon, who made the address.
The tablet was unveiled by Mrs. Walter G. Charlton, of Savannah and
presented to Pres. Parks by Mrs. J. L. Beeson.
Dr. Parks, in accepting, gave a short history of the building saying that it
was older than any building in Atlanta or in Chicago.
The Senior class of the G. N. & I. C. sang "Sunlit Georgia" at the
conclusion of the ceremonies, and the G. M. C. Band played "Columbia" and "Dixie."
The members of the Nancy Hart Chapter and presidents of the various Women's
Clubs and visitors to the city were entertained at one o'clock at a luncheon
given by Mrs. Julius A. Home. The elegant home of Mrs. Home was appropriately
decorated for the occasion.
The Nancy Hart Chapter takes pleasure in acknowledging here their
indebtedness to the late Mr.
-----------------
p. 176
Walter G. Charlton, of Savannah, for the inscription on the tablet at the
Mansion, and to the late Mr. Stetson Sanford, of Milledgeville, for the
inscription on the tablet at the Old Capitol.
-----------------
p. 177
IN MEMORIAM
CARRIE BUDLONG HORNE
And underneath are the everlasting arms.
Deut. 33:27
Resolutions on the death of Mrs. Carrie Sherman Budlong Home, by the Nancy
Hart Chapter D. A. R.
On June 27, 1919, Mrs. Carrie Sherman Home was summoned to her final home,
in the inscrutable wisdom of Him, who does all things wisely and well. She laid
down the burdens of this life without a murmur and without a tremor, and her
sweet gentle spirit went uncomplainingly on its journey to that "undiscovered
country from whose bourne no traveler ever returns."
She had been for many years, a loyal, self-sacricfiing, unselfish member of
the Nancy Hart Chapter, and her unfailing devotion to its patriotic objects and
purposes had been a continual asset of the brightest value to the Chapter. She
was unvaryingly thoughtful and considerate of the welfare and happiness of
others, and she left behind her a memory full of completion of deeds of
kindness, charity and sympathy.
She was a patriot of the finest type, and her life meant much to the
community in which she lived.
The Nancy Hart Chapter profoundly regrets her death, and express to her
loved ones their sincerest sympathy.
Resolved further, that a copy of these resolutions be given the family of
the deceased.
MISS CLARA WILLIAMS,
Chairman.
MRS. R. W. HATCHER.
MRS. CHARLIE L. MOORE.
-----------------
p. 178
Full text of an address delivered by Dr. Lucian Lamar Knight at the
unveiling of a tablet on the walls of the old State Capitol at Milledgeville,
Ga., November 23, 1915, under the auspicies of Nancy Hart Chapter, D. A. R.
Madam Regent, Daughters of the American Revolution, Ladies and Gentlemen:
The Wizard of the North has given us no finer character than old Mortality.
It was the habit of this strange man, year after year, chisel in hand, to visit
every burial ground in border Scotland, marking graves and deepening epitaphs
for the Cameronians. Click, click, click—wherever he went, went the sound of his
chisel. Not a hallowed spot was forgotten; not a cherished name was left
uncarved. His master passion, his sole object in life, his one occupation, was
to keep these martyrs in remembrance; and unweariedly he toiled away—click,
click, click. But one day the f amilar music suddenly ceased; and lying near the
roadside, Old Mortality was found unconscious. His work was done; but Stotland's
breast was strung with his memorials. The spirit of the rare old Scot is today
amongst us, multiplied an hundred fold. What an aged devotee could do for
Scotland, fairer hands and fonder hearts have found to do for Georgia. Madame
Regent, to the Daughters of Nancy Hart, all honor. For keeping the memories of
our State green-—for marking its historic spots—for preserving its ancient
landmarks—all who love Georgia must love you. May your days be multiplied like
your deeds of patriotism and your virtues survive you as the stars outlive the
sunset!
What means this splendid spectacle? To say that we are here to unveil a
tablet upon these walls is to answer this question only in part. I voice the
deeper meaning and the fuller spirit of this hour when I say that, turning our
backs upon Georgia's age of gold, we are here to commune in spirit with
Georgia's Golden Age; that leaving behind us an age of commerce whose music is
the jingle of the guinea we seek an age of men in whose eyes a guinea never
glistened. I do
-----------------
p. 179
not know to what extent I may be influenced by the illusions of distance and by
the magnifying power of time, but I speak deliberately when I say that it
required no ordinary civilization to produce the peerless men and the glorious
women of Georgia's ante-bellum days. It will amply repay us to delve into these
former times, if only to meet that fleur de lis of Southern Knighthood: the
Georgia gentleman of the old school. Alas, "old times have changed, old manners
gone" and I fear it must be said of him as it was said of Hamlet's father, "we
shall not look upon his like again."
There is a disposition prevalent amongst us to decry the backward look. We
live in an age of frenzied finance, of materialistic ideals. "Remember Lot's
wife"—"Let the dead past bury its dead"—"Forward march"—these are some of the
expressions which we are wont to hear. Naught can be said in praise of an
industrial age to which I will not fervently respond. I believe in progress.
Factories—forges—fields— these make a people rich. But these things do not
constitute a State; nor in them can we find the soul of Georgia's immortality.
Forget the past? Such a philosophy of life would teach us to despise the only
commandment with promise. The past is ancestral to all the future; and reverence
is a virtue which no civilization can neglect. We enjoy these fruits of toil,
these rewards of industry, these blessings of liberty, because of what other men
have wrought before us. These things arebecause our fathers were; and we can
boast of no achievement which is not rooted in the soil and is not watered with
the blood of an immortal Past. Without a Yorktown there could have been no
Appo-matox; and without a Runnymeade there could have been no Yorktown. Show me
a State which is not proud of its herioc and splendid yesterdays and I will show
you a State which can find nothing of which to be proud in its barren tomorrows!
-----------------
p. 180
Standing upon this high place of Georgia's history, I feel as did the Hebrew
prophet when he stood beofre the burning bush, out of whose smoke there came a
voice which said: "Put off thy shoes from off they feet, for the place on which
thou standest is holy ground." What can I say—what need I say—upon this hallowed
spot, where Georgia's proudest memories cluster. To speak in this assemblage of
what occurred upon this hill is
"To gild refined gold, to paint the lily,
To throw a perfume on the violet
To smooth the ice or add another hue
Unto the rainbow or with taper-light
To seek the beauteous eye of heaven to garnish."
Here—of all other spots in Georgia—should the tongue of eulogy be silent while
the voice of memory speaks. Not in the forum of Rome and not on the bema of
Athens was sweeter music ever laid on mortal lips than when, in cloven tongues
of fire, the demigods of our herioc days here .rivalled the senatorial thunders
of the mighty Webster and even revived the coronal accents of the old Demosthenes.
On June 16, 1802, at Fort Wilkinson, two great bodies of land were acquired
by treaty from the Creek Indians. One of these, to the South of the Altamaha,
was formed into the old county of Wayne; the other to the south and west of the
Oconee was organized into two great counties: Wilkinson and Baldwin. The State
at this time was clamorous for a new seat of government. The tide of population
was moving rapidly toward the foothills. The old town of Louisville had
developed malarial symptoms. Accordingly in the act of 1803, under which these
newly acquired lands were distributed by lottery, it was provided that at the
head of navigation, on the south side of the Oconee river, in the county of
Baldwin, a tract of land containing 3,240 acres should be laid off for a town to be
-----------------
p. 181
called and known by the name of Milledgeville, a compliment to the great patron
and friend of education, who was then Governor of the State, John Mil-ledge. Nor
was the distinguished Georgian for whom this county was named any less a
champion of education; Abraham Baldwin. It was he who drafted the charter of
Franklin College, America's oldest State University, founded in 1785; while it
was a gift from John Milledge, which enabled the Trustees to purchase a body of
land on which the whole city of Athens is today built. Thus it will be seen that
the future capital of the State was conceived in an educational spirit, since
both the town and the county bear the names of men who were apostles of
learning. Not an inauspicious omen for a town which after losing the State
capital, was, in years to come, destined to possess what was better still: two
great intellectual nurseries in which to train the flower of Georgia's youth.
But let us go back. The commisioners appointed under the Act of 1803 to
locate a town were: John Rutherford, Littlebury Bostwick, A. M. Devereaux,
George M. Troup, John Herbert, and Oliver Porter. The town was located; and on
December 12, 1804, Milledgeville was designated as the permanent capital of the
State. It was next in order to sell some of the town lots; and we find the same
commissioners appointed to perform this duty, with Captain Howell Cobb's name
added to the list. Out of the proceeds arising from this sale were derived the
funds for building a State House, the cost of which was not to exceed $60,000.
On an eminence well suited for the purpose a large square was reserved for the
capitol grounds. To General Jett Thomas was awarded the contract; and in the
fall of 1807, the handsome building, Gothic in design, was occupied by the
General Assembly for the first time, but it was not until 1837 that the building
was completed in its present form.
Twenty Governors of our State held office while the capitol remained at
Milledgeville, to wit: Jared
-----------------
p. 182
Irwin, David B. Mitchell, Peter Early, William Kabun, Matthew Talbot, John
Clark, George W. Crawford, George W. Towns, Howell Cobb, Herschel V. Johnson,
Joseph E. Brown, James Johnson, Charles J. Jenkins, and General T. H. Ruger. One
of these, James Johnson, was a Provisional Governor. Another, General T. H.
Ruger, was a Military Governor. Both of these officials were forced upon the
State by an external power. In the extraordinary language of the latter's
appointment he was "detailed for duty," to act as Governor of a soverign
commonwealth!
During the days of Reconstruction when the legislature, amid the desolations
of war, adjourned sine die, if adjourned to meet no more in Milledgeville. As
military headquarters for the Federal Army, our Gate City had become the new
seat of government. But during the sixty-one years which elapsed from 1807 to
1868, the most eventful era in Georgia's annals had come and gone; and its
history was written here.
It seems difficult to credit the statement, but to the pioneer settlers at
Milledgeville in 1807 there was no such thing as a percussion cap, a stove, a
lucifer match or a steel pen. All of the cooking of this town, famed for its
hospitality, was done in an open fireplace from which a crane was suspended.
This capitol was finished twelve, months before Fulton's steamboat plowed the
Hudson and twenty years before Stevenson's locomotive first trailed its smoke in
England. The invention of the sewing machine, the discovery of anesthesia and
the countless marvels of the electric spark have all transpired since this
capitol was built. In 1807, Georgia's population numbered only 200,000, of which
number approximately one-half were African slaves. Florida belonged to Spain and
Texas was a part of Mexico. The territory of Louisiana, but recently purchased
from Napoleon, stretched from the mouth of the Mississippi River to the shores
of the Great Lakes, while the region west of
-----------------
p. 183
the Rocky Mountains was an unknown wilderness, penetrated only by the holy gowns
of the Jesuits.
Milledgeville, in the early days, was reached chiefly by stage lines from
Augusta, Louisville and Fort Hawkins, but what vast throngs were wont to
assemble here—how gay the scenes of splendor when "bright the lamps shone o'er
fair women and brave men." Music's voluptuous swell comes floating up from
yonder pjillared mansions—not more richly steeped in the magnolia's royal
perfume than in the recollections of the Long Ago. I can see the decanter on the
sideboard, the duelling pistols ivory-bound, the old-time spinning wheel in its
allotted corner, the old black mammy with her arms a-kimbo, and the ancient
spinet on which our grand-dames played to listening beaux—"Maxwellton's braes
are bonnie, where early falls the dew." There are portraits hanging in those
homes which might have hung upon the walls of Kenilworth—whose originals would
not have shamed an age of chivalry; and in those parlors gallant scions of an
Old South's aristocracy have bowed to Lady Fair with a courtliness of manner
which was never surpassed by Sir Phillip Sidney, in the throne-room of
Elizabeth. Back in the dim historic distance, I can see slowly moving up this
hill the bent form of an old paladin of liberty, around him a shattered remnant
of our own herioc guard who fought with him on the gory fields of independence.
To greet the illustrious visitor, all the homes of Milledgeville are opened, all
her windows are illuminated, all her firesides are ablaze; and even to this day
she cherishes sweet memories of the beloved LaFayette.
It was on this hill that the dauntless Troup defied the encroachments of the
Federal Government, closing his message to the Legislature with that bold
ultimatum : "The argument is exhausted, we must stand by our arms!" It was on
this hill, in the great tariff debate of 1833, that two of Georgia's mightiest
intellects, Forsyth and Berrien, met in an argument which for
-----------------
p. 184
three days enchained the multitudes. It was on this hill that the great William
H. Crawford plucked his maiden laurels, a man for whom in after years the
Presidential chair of this nation was not esteemed too high an honor and to whom
even the great Napoleon is said to have twice bent the crown of France. It was
on this hill that Joseph E. Brown issued his famous order for the seizure of
Fort Pulaski. It was on this hill that he great secession convention of 1861
assembled, a body of intellects worthy of the Grecian Age of Pericles. These
walls until time has crumbled them to dust, cannot forget the Olympian thunders
of that great debate. Once more we listen spell-bound to the fiery Toombs, to
the prophetic Stephens, to the inspired Benjamin H. Hill, to the intrepid
Eugenius A. Nesbit, whose pen wrote the ordinance of secession, to the impulsive
Francis S. Bartow, to the superb Herschel V. Johnson, to the impassioned Thomas
R. K. Cobb. Ye gods, what men they were! If Georgia could have stemmed the tide
of Cobb's eloquence she might have remained within the Union; but the fiery
spell of his genius was upon her. We can almost hear those lingering accents
yet: "Speak no uncertain words, but let your united voice go forth to be
resounded from every mountain top and from every gaping valley; let it be
written in the rainbow which spans our falls and read in the crest of every wave
upon our ocean shores, until it shall put a tongue in every bleeding wound of
Georgia's mangled honor which shall cry to heaven for 'Liberty or Death!' "
Young men, may the same love of Georgia be yours and the same spirit be in you
which was in these men.
But not alone upon this hill are the glories of Milledgeville enshrined. On
every tree is laid the whispering music of some ministrel's harp. At every
fireside lingers the aroma of some glorious feast. Her very streets breathe
memory's incense, like fragrant aisles in some old cathedral. In yonder silent
city of the dead sleeps the great Judge Lamar. Near him lies entomb-
-----------------
p. 185
ed the master-craftsman, who built this capitol. Not far removed from either is
Governor David B. Mitchell. Richard Orme and Seaton Grantland—two of Georgia's
greatest editors—are there; and there is General George P. Doles. Nathan C.
Barnett—for forty years Georgia Secretary of State—who buried the great seal of
the commonwealth underneath his home to preserve its sanctity untouched when
usurpers seized the State capitol—he too is there. Iverson L. Harris and
Augustus H. Kenan and Tomlinson Fort and Thomas P. Games and Leonidas Jordan and
Zachariah Lamar, and E. H. Pottle and Daniel B. Sanford and J. Harris
Chappell—all these are there, with others whom I cannot mention. Whatever may be
the future of Milledgeville, her past at least is secure; and not while the
ashes of these men shall sleep in her bosom and not while the memories of which
I speak shall cluster ivy-like around these mouldering walls, will Georgia lack
a voice to counsel her in wisdom or a beacon light to keep her in the ancient
path of honor.
Ten years ago, I stood upon the Capitoline hill at Rome and with reverential
gaze beheld the eternal city of the Caesars It was the dream of a life-time come
to pass. There rippling at my feet rolled the tawny Tiber; and before my eyes in
a splendid pageant moved the panorama of her vanished days. I thought of the
divine poets who had sung of her renown to distant ages and of the conquering
legions who had planted her victorious eagles among the eagles of the Alps. I
tried to picture her in her imperial pomp when she "Sat upon her seven hills and
from her throne of beauty ruled the world." But all of her seven hills combined
had no such power to stir me as dwells in the magic of this single hill among
the hills of Georgia. To be a Roman in the older day conferred more honor than
to be a king; but there was then no Georgia on the map. Italy may hold the
inverted heavens in her limpid lakes; and Switzerland may wear the stars upon
her pearly peaks; but no other spot for me while Georgia spreads her
-----------------
p. 186
robe of green from the cedars to the sea. Not for all the glories of the Tiber
would I exchange the nightingale which sings for me on the Oconee's golden
waters. I scorn all birthrights but my own. Let him be duke who craves a
dukedom; let him be king who courts a diadem; but I can lift my head above them
all if I am just a Georgian.
-----------------
p. 187
SARA CANTY WHITAKER ALLEN
1916-1917-1918-1919-1920
Baldwin County Chairman of United War Work, 1918-1919.
Baldwin County Chairman of Women's Committee on Fourth Liberty Loan, 1918-1919.
Baldwin County Chairman of Women's Committee on Liberty Loan or Victory
Loan, 1919-1920.
State D. A. R. Chairman for Marking Graves of Revolutionary Soldiers,
1919-1920-1921-1922.
Chairman of Thrift for Baldwin County, 1919-1920.
Local D. A. R. Chairman of Historic Sites, 1921-1922.
State D. A. R. Chairman of Transportation, 1921-1922-1923-1924.
State D. A. R. Chairman of Old Trails Committee, 1924-1925.
Member National Old Trails Committee, 1924-1925.
Chairman Baldwin County Woman's Division in McAdoo Campaign, 1924.
Delegate to the Atlanta McAdoo Convention, 1924.
Vice-President Woodrow Wilson Service Star Legion of Baldwin County, 1925.
Auditor Georgia State Division Service Star Legion, 1925.
"Happiness is not in living,
Happiness is but in giving
All of self for others' sake."
The Nancy Hart Chapter achieved great success under Mrs. Allen's regency.
Like the great Southern President Woodrow Wilson, who led our country to victory
during the most trying years of her existence, Mrs. Allen led to a happy
culmination all the women's work in Baldwin county, with the exception of the
Ked Cross work, which was under the able direction of Mrs. G. C. McKinley.
A record of Mrs. Allen's work would be long. She began her money making
venture with a picturesque
-----------------
p. 188
Gypsy Camp on the G. M. C. campus, and ended it with the presentation of "The
Hut," built and paid for, to the Georgia Military College in 1920.
"The Hut" was promised to Col. Marsburn, President of the Georgia Military
College on Georgia Day, 1919, owing to the fact that the barracks had been
destroyed by fire and the boys were compelled to live in tents.
It was a Camp Wheeler Y. M. C. A. hut, torn down in Macon, and reproduced in
Milledgeville, even to the heating and lighting systems. It was the biggest
piece of civic work reported in the 10th District in 1919-1920.
The Nancy Hart Chapter was the first D. A. R. Chapter in the State to pledge
support to two French war-orphans. Their names are treasured—Georges Drouet and
Angele Bourdais.
The Chapter treasures also the names of the Baldwin County heroes who gave
their all in the world war. This Chapter, joined by three other organizations,
planted in 1920, a row of eleven memorial trees on the G. M. C. campus. Ten of
these trees were for the fallen heroes, and one tree was planted in honor of the
boys who came back home. All of these trees are registered with the American
Forestry Association.
The boys who gave their lives were:
William Singleton Morris
James Franklin Little
Eddie Q. Brown
Robert Lee Roberson
Morris Vinson
Furman F. Lee
Fleming Du B. Vaughn
Joseph Woodson Wood
Thomas Howard Huff
Isaac Newton Maxwell.
While regent, Mrs. Allen had the under-brush cleared away from an old
cemetery in which is buried
-----------------
p. 189
Major John Howard, a Revolutionary soldier. A roadway to this old burial ground
has been given to the Chapter by Mr. J. R. Hines, the owner of the surrounding
property. There are many citizens in Milledgeville, who are not aware of the
existence of this cemetery on account of its secluded position, between the
Oconee river and the Georgia Military College. The inscription on the tomb reads:
SACRED TO THE MEMORY
OF
JOHN HOWARD
BORN ON THE 4th OF OCTOBER 1761
AND DIED
THE 18th OF APRIL
1822
IN THE 61st YEAR OF HIS AGE
He was a plain man of inflexible integrity who did equal justice to all people.
He was revered by his friends and adored by his numerous family.
FORT WILKINSON
"Look on this side, then on that."
June 16, 1802—Treaty signed at Fort Wilkinson with Creek Indians.
June 16, 1917—Unveiling of bronze tablet, embedded in granite boulder and
placed on site of old Fort Wilkinson.
The old fort was marked on the one hundred and fifteenth anniversary of the
purchase from the Creek Indians, of land lying between the Oconee and Ocmulgee
rivers.
Mr. J. C. Butler in his "Historical Record of Macon and Central Georgia,"
says the convention between the Commissioners of the United States and the
Chiefs, head men and warriors of the Creek nation at Fort Wilkinson, met on May
23, 1802, continued until
-----------------
p. 190
June 1, adjourned until June 8, when it re-assembled and continued to June 30.
The following is quoted from Butler's history:
May 23, 1802. The Chiefs sent to inform the commissioners that on the next
day they wished to receive them, according to the ancient customs of their
country, at the public square; and they requested the commissioners to be ready
to move from their encampment early in the morning, and as soon as the runners
arrived, to inform them that everything was ready for their reception.
May 24. The commissioners went to the square, and were seated with all their
attendants. The Chiefs of the upper towns and lower towns, having met at some
distance from them, moved on in a body; two men in front dancing the eagle-tail
dance, to music, accompanied by the voices of all men and the women.
As soon as they arrived at the square, the commissioners moved to a place
prepared for them, when they were touched by the wings in the hands of the
dancers. Behind General Wilkinson was a small pit and a white staff standing by
it; they brought a bow and arrows, painted red, showed them to the
commissioners, then broke them, put them into the pit, covered them with earth,
and with a white deer skin; these great Chiefs representing the upper and lower
towns, wiped the faces of the commissioners, and, after the embrace of
friendship, addressed them: Efan Hanjo —for the upper Creeks—"We this day, a
fine one for the occasion, a clear sun and sky, meet our friends, brothers and
fathers, to take them by the hand, according to the custom of our forefathers,
as old as time itself.
"We have, at the foot of the General, buried the sharp weapons of war, which
were in use in old times, and such as we have, our white deer skins, are placed
on the seat of our friends, and cover them with the same; we add one more
emblem, a pipe."
-----------------
p. 191
In the same history, Mr. Butler mentions Fort Wilkinson again. He says:
In March, 1807, Aaron Burr, while under guard crossed the river near Fort
Hawkins, which had just been built and garrisoned. Burr and his guards were
drenched and chilled by the freezing rains when they reached the river.
He was captured below the Tombigbee river in Alabama, and was required to
ride horse-back, at the rate of forty miles per day.
The guards and their prisoner crossed all the rivers in canoes, in which
their camp equipage was placed, and by the sides of which their horses swam
until they reached the Oconee, where at Fort Wilkinson, they crossed in the
first ferry boat they had seen on the whole route, and a few miles beyond that
river, they were sheltered by the first roof—a house of entertainment kept by
Mr. Bivins.
The Union Recorder of June 19, 1917, in describing the ceremonies at the
unveiling of the tablet, reads as follows:
One of the most interesting events in the history of the local D. A. R., was
the marking of Fort Wilkinson on last Saturday afternoon at four o'clock. This
historic old fort, famous both in State and National history, located near the
State Sanitarium on the banks of the Oconee river, was the scene of the unusual
incident. The marker, a bronze tablet, bolted to a huge granite boulder, was
unveiled by Mrs. Julias A. Home. The idea of thus marking the historic spot was
originated by the present regent, Mrs. H. D. Allen, and was carried to its
successful conclusion largely through her efforts. Several hundred people both
from the city and from other points throughout the State, were present at the
ceremonies which marked the day. The tablet was presented to the State by Mrs.
H. D. Allen in a very happy talk, and was accepted by Dr. L. M. Jones,
Superintendent of the State Sanitarium.
-----------------
p. 192
..Col. D. S. Sanford, Master of Ceremonies, introduced Dr. E. M. Vittum, who
made the address of the occasion. The large audience was delighted with the
address, and Dr. Vittum who is a most versatile and eloquent speaker, was at his
best on this occasion. His address was one of unusual interest and eloquence,
and was greatly enjoyed. A happy incident of the occasion was developed when, in
his introductory speech, Col. Sanford referred to the fact that this county was
secured by the treaty signed at Fort Wilkinson, and was named for Abraham
Baldwin—to which Dr. Vittum referred in his speech, saying it alweys delighted
him to hear the name of Abraham Baldwin mentioned; that he was born in the
Connecticut town from which Abraham Baldwin came, and grew to manhood among the
Baldwin descendents. Mrs. J. L. Walker, of Way-cross, one of the distinguished
members of the D. A. R., and State Chairman of the Committee on Old Trails, made
a short address on Old Trails in Georgia, alluding pleasantly to the Old
Garrison Trail which led from Fort Hawkins near Macon to Fort Wilkinson. The
ceremonies were opened with prayer by Dr. Kendall and concluded with prayer by
Dr. Flye.
The Georgia State Sanitarium Band contributed largely to the occasion with
several selections.
The Nancy Hart Chapter here acknowledges its indebtedness to Mrs. J. L.
Walker, of Waycross, for the inscription on the tablet which reads as follows:
OLD FORT WILKINSON
WHERE TREATY OF LIMITS TOOK PLACE BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND CREEK NATION OF
INDIANS JUNE 16, 1802, RATIFIED JAN. 11, 1803. THIS TREATY WAS SIGNED BY JAMES
WILKINSON, BENJAMIN HAWKINS, ANDREW PICKENS, COMMISSIONERS ON THE PART OF THE
UNITED STATES AND FORTY CHIEFS AND WARRIORS. NANCY HART CHAPTER D. A. R. 1917
p. 193
Before the unveiling of the tablet at Fort Wilkinson, Mrs. Allen entertained
at an elegant luncheon at her surburban home. The Union Recorder of that week
reported it as follows:
"Mrs. H. D. Allen,regent of Nancy Hart Chapter D. A. R., gave a most
beautiful luncheon in honor of the State regent, Mrs. Howard McCall, of Atlanta,
and of Mrs. J. L. Walker, of Waycross, Mrs. Walker being Chairman of the Old
Trails Committee.
"The meomory of this beautfiul luncheon will linger long with the D. A. R.
members and they will remember especially those bright friends whose presence
added intellectual lustre to the occasion."
In July, 1918, the Georgia Legislature passed a bill which had been
introduced by Mr. Howard Ennis, representative from Baldwin County, giving to
the Nancy Hart Chapter, five acres of land, the site of the old fort, together
with roadway to the property.
The old fort is now a beautifully wooded knoll on the western bank of the
Oconee and is a popular place on picnic occasions.
In Clayton's "Compilation of the Laws of the State of Georgia Passed by the
Legislature Since the Political Year 1800 to the Year 1810 Inclusive," is found
a copy of the treaty of 1802, and President Jefferson's proclamation. The treaty
is published below;
Treaty at Fort Wilkinson in 1802
THOMAS JEFFERSON, President of the United States of America.
To all singular to whom these presents shall came, GREETING:
Whereas a certain treaty between the United States and the Creek Nation of
Indians was concluded and signed near Fort Wilkinson on the Oconee river, on the
sixteenth day of June, last past, which treaty is as follows:
-----------------
p. 194
A Treaty of Limits Between the United States of America and the Creek Nation of
Indians.
Thomas Jefferson, President of the United States of America, by James
Wilkinson, of the State of Maryland, brigadier general in the army of the United
States; Benjamin Hawkins of North Carolina, and Andrew Pickens of South
Carolina, commissioners plenipotentiary of the United States on the one part,
and the Kings, Chiefs, Head men and Warriors of the Creek Nation, in council
assembled, on the other part, have entered into the following articles and
conditions, viz.:
Article 1. The Kings, Chiefs, Head men and Warriors of the Creek Nation in
behalf of the said Nation, do by these presents cede to the United States of
America, all that tract and tracts of land, situated, lying and being within and
between the following bounds, and the lines and limits of the extinguished
claims of the said nation heretofore ascertained and established by treaty—That
is to say; beginning at the upper extremity of the high shoals of the Appalachee
river, the same being a branch of the Oconee river, and on the Southern bank of
the same; running thence a direct course to a noted ford of the south branch of
Little river, called by the Indians Chat-to-chuc-co-hat-chee; thence a direct
line to the main branch of Commissioners creek, where the same is intersected by
the path leading from the Rock landing to the Ocmulgee Old Towns; thence a
direct line to Palmetto creek, where the same is intersected by the Uchee path,
leading from the Oconee to the Ocmulgee river; thence down the middle waters of
the said creek to the Oconee river, and with the western bank of the same to its
junction with the Ocmulgee river; thence across the Ocmulgee river to the south
bank of the Altamaha river, and down the same at low water mark to the lower
bank of Goose creek; and from thence by a direct line to the mounts on the
margin of the Okefinokau Swamp, raised and established by the commissioners
-----------------
p. 195
of the United States and Spain, at the head of the St. Mary's river; thence down
the middle waters of the said river to the point where the old line of
demarcation strikes the same; thence with the said old line to the Altamaha
river, and up the same to Goose creek; and the said Kings, Chiefs, Head men and
Warriors, do relinquish and quit claim to the United States, all their right,
title, interest and pretentious, in and to the tract and tracts of land within
and between the bounds and limits aforesaid forever.
Article 2. The Commissioners of the United States, for and in consideration
of the foregoing concession on the part of the Creek nation, and in full
satisfaction for the same, do hereby covenant and agree with the said nation, in
behalf of the United States, that the said States shall pay to the said nation,
annually and every year, the sum of three thousand dollars, and one thousand
dollars for the term of ten years, to the Chiefs who administer the government
agreeably to a certificate under the hands and seals of the Commissioners of the
United States of this date; and also twenty-five thousand dollars in the manner
and form following, viz.: Ten thousand dollars in goods and merchandise, the
receipt of which is hereby acknowledged; ten thousand dollars to satisfy certain
debts due from Indians and white persons of the Creek country to the factory of
the United States; the said debts after the payment aforesaid, to become the
right and property of the Creek nation, and to be re-recovered for their use in
such way and manner as the President of the United States may think proper to
direct; five thousand dollars to satisfy claims for property taken by
individuals of the said nation from the citizens of the United States,
subsequent to the treaty of Colerain, which has been or may be claimed and
established agreeably to the provisions of the act for regulating trade and
intercourse with the Indian tribes, and to preserve peace on the frontiers. And
it is further agreed that the United States shall furnish
-----------------
p. 196
to the said nation two sets of blacksmith's tools, and men to work them, for the
term of three years.
Article 3. It is agreed by the contracting parties, that the garrison or
garrisons which may be found necessary for the protection of the frontiers,
shall be established upon the lands of the Indians, at such place or places as
the President of the United States may think proper to direct, in the manner and
on the terms established by the treaty of Colerian.
Article 4. The contracting parties to these presents do agree that this
treaty shall be obligatory and of full effect, so soon as the same shall be
ratified by the President of the United States of America, by and with the
advice and consent of the Senate thereof.
In Testimony, Whereof, the commissioners pleni-potentary of the United
States, the Kings, Chiefs, Head men and Warriors of the Creek Nation, have
hereunto subscribed their names and affixed their seals at the camp of the
commissioners of the United States, near Fort Wilkinson on the Oconee river,
this sixteenth day of June, in the year of our Lord, one thousand eight hundred
and two, and of the Independence of the United States the twenty-sixth.
JAMES WILKINSON, (L. S.)
BENJAMIN HAWKINS, (L. S.)
ANDREW PICKENS, (L. S.)
EFAU X HAUJO
1. TUS TUNNUGGEE X THLUCCO
2. HOPOIE X MICCO
3. HOPOIE X O-LAH-TAU
TALLASSEE X MICCO
TUSSEIKIA X MICCO
MICEO X THLUC-CO
TUSKENEHAU X CHAPCO
CHOU-WACKE X LE-MICCO
TOOSCE X HATCHE-MICCO
HOPOIE X YAUHOLO
HOITHLEWAU X LE-MICCO
EPAU-HAUJO X OF COOLOOME
-----------------
p. 197
CUS-SE-TUH X TUS-TUN-NUG-GEE
TAL-TIS-CHAU X MICCO
YAUF-KEE X EMAUTLA HAUJO
COOSAUDEE X TUS-TUN-NUG-GEE
NENEHOM X OH-TAUTUS-TUN-NUN-NUG-GEE-MICCO
IS-FAU-NAU- X TUS-TUN-NUG-GEE
EUFAULAU X TUS-TUN-NUG-GEE
TUSTUNNUE X HOITHLE POYUCH
IS-HOPEI X TUS-TUN-NUG-GEE
COWETUH X TUS-TUN-NUG-GEE
HOPOITHLE X HAUJO
WOC-SEE HAUJO
UCTY-UTCHEE X TUS-TUN-NUG-GEE
OKELESAU X HUT-KEE
PAHOSE X MICCO
MICKE X EMAUTLAU
HOETHLE-PO-YAU X HAUJO
TOOSEHATCHEE HAUJO
CUSSEUH X HAUJO
OCHEWEE X TUS-TUN-NUG-GEE
ISFAU-NEE X HAUJO
HO-POITH-LE X HO-POI-E
OLOH-TUH X EMAUTLAU
TIMOTHY BARNARD,
ALEXANDER CORNELLS, Interpreters.
JOSEPH ISLANDS,
ALEXANDER MACOMB, Jun'r.
Secretary to the Commissioners.
WILLIAM R. BOOTE,
Captain 2nd Regiment Infantry.
T. BLACKBURN,
Lieut. Com: Comp. D.
JOHN B. BARNES,
Lieut. United States A.
Wm. HILL. A'gt C. D.
Now be it known, That I, Thomas Jefferson, President of the United States of
America, having seen and considered the said treaty, do, by and with the advice
and consent of the Senate thereof, accept, ratify, and confirm the same, and
every clause and article thereof.
-----------------
p. 198
In Testimony Whereof, I have caused the seal of the United States to be
hereunto affixed, and signed the same with my hand.
Done at the City of Washington the eleventh day of January in the year of
our Lord* one thousand eight hundred and three, and of the Independence of the
United States the twenty seventh.
THO. JEFFERSON,
By the President,
JAMES MADISON, Secretary of State.
ROCK LANDING
"Stat nominis umbra.”
The shadow of a name remains.
The use of modern inventions may cause a people to almost forget the past.
The use of steam and the swiftness of transportation by the railroads caused the
abandonment of the old-time river traffic and the old-time river settlements.
The name Rock Landing became, in time, a name only. Montpelier and Salem,
the names of villages formerly in Hancock county, now in Baldwin County, became
mere names.
In 1922-23, under Mrs. John Hutchinson's regency, Mrs. Allen was local D. A.
R. Chairman of Historic Spots, and it was she who organized a successful party
for rediscovery.
Rock Landing was formerly the terminus of navigation on the Oconee river.
All goods brought up the river on flat boats were unloaded here and then hauled
on wagons to their destination.
Commerce and prosperity became dependent oh the Oconee river, and that
continual efforts were made to improve its navigation, will be seen from the
following quotations from "A Compilation of the Laws of the State of Georgia
Passed by the Legislature Since
-----------------
p. 199
the Political Year 1800, to the year 1810 Inclusive:"
No. 16 is An Act
"To alter and amend an act, entitled 'An act to establish Tobacco
Inspections at the several places hereinafter mentioned, and for improving the
Navigation of Broad River and Oconee River/ passed the 15 day of February, one
thousand seven hundred and ninety-nine, so far as respects the navigation of the
Oconee River."
There was a penalty of twenty dollars per day imposed upon any person who
should "dam, stop or obstruct" the Oconee river, from the mouth of the
Appalachee to John Barnett's on the Big Shoals, in the county of Jackson. This
act was assented to December 2, 1801, Josiah Tatnall, Jun'r., Governor.
No 60, is An Act
“To amend an act for keeping open the Oconee River from the Rock Landing, to
John Barnett's in the county of Clarke," and was assented to November 26, 1802,
John Milledge, Governor.
No. 208, is An Act
"To incorporate a company for the improvement of the navigation of that part
of the Oconee river, between the Big Shoals, at John Barnett's and the town of
Milledgeville." The preamble of which Act is as follows:
"Whereas the improvement of the inland navigation of every country, is of
primary importance to its inhabitants, and as few countries enjoy greater
natural advantages than this state, for the extention of commerce, and it being
conceived, that the clearing out and removing the obstructions in that part of
the Oconee river, from the Big Shoals, at John Barnett's to the town of
Milledgeville, would greatly conduce to the convenience and interest of the
inhabitants, settled in the north and northwestern parts of the State.
Assented to December 7, 1805.
JOHN MILLEDGE, Governor.
-----------------
p. 200
No. 359, is An Act
"To incorporate a company for the purpose of opening the Oconee river, and
to grant a lottery for that purpose."
Assented to 22nd December, 1808.
JARED IRWIN, Governor.
No. 514, is An Act
"To incorporate a company for the improvement of the navigation of the
Oconee river, from the mouth of Fishing Creek near Milledgeville up to the Big
Shoals at Barnett's."
Assented to 15 December, 1810.
DAVID B. MITCHELL, Governor.
In Prince's Digest, Laws of Georgia to 1837, one finds more Acts to render
navigable the Oconee river between the mouth of Fishing Creek and Barnett's
Shoals, and also Acts to improve the navigation of the Oconee below Milledgeville.
One finds Acts for appropriating large sums of money for this purpose, and
Acts incorporating companies to render the Oconee river more navigable.
Rock Landing on the Oconee river, was the place where the Indian Chief
Alexander McGillivray, unscrupulous, but possessing great address and zeal,
defeated the attempt of Andrew Pickens and H. Osborne to make a treaty with the
Creek Indians. These two Commissioners, on April 20, 1789, sent a "talk" to the
headmen, Chiefs and Warriors of the Creek nation. William Bacon Stevens in his
History of Georgia gives this "talk" as follows:
"We last year appointed a time and place for holding a treaty with you to
establish a lasting peace between you and us, that we might again become as one
people; you all know the reasons why it was not held at that time.
-----------------
p. 201
"We now send you this talk, inviting you to a treaty on your bank of the
Oconee river, at the Rock Landing. We wished to meet you at that place on the
8th of June; but, as that day is so near at hand, you might not all get notice.
We therefore shall expect to meet you on the 20th day of June.
"We have changed the place of meeting from that of last, year, so that none
of you shall have reason to complain; it is your own ground, and on that land we
wish to renew our former trade and friendships, and to remove everything that
has blinded the path between you and us.
"We are now governed by a President who is like the old King over the great
water. He commands all the warriors of the thirteen great fires. He will have
regard to the welfare of all the Indians; and when peace shall be established he
will be your father, and you will be his children, so that none shall dare to do
you harm.
"We know that lands have been the cause of dispute between you and the
white- people; but we now tell you that we want no new grants.
"Our object is to make a peace and to unite us all under one Great Chief
Warrior and President, who is the father and protector of all white people.
"Attend to what we say.
"Our traders are very rich, and have houses full of such goods as you were
used to get in former days; it is our wish that you shall trade with them, and
they with you, in strict friendship.
"Our Brother, George Galphin, will carry you this talk. Listen to him: he
will tell you nothing but truth from us. Send us your answer by him.
ANDREW PICKENS
H. OSBORNE,
Commissioners of the United States
for Indian Affairs in the Southern
Department.
April 20, 1789.
-----------------
p. 202
This effort failed, and in White's Historical Collections of Georgia, is
found a part of McGillivray's letter to his merchant friend, William Panton, of
Pensacola, Florida, in which he says:
"Galphin, whom I sent to the Rock Landing with a talk, declining the treaty
of June last, returned about a fortnight since, and I find that they are
resolved upon making a treaty. In order to accomodate us, the Commissioners are
complaisant enough to postpone it till the 15th of next month, and one of them,
the late Chief Justice Osborne, remains all the 'time at Rock Landing. Pickens
returned for the Cherokee treaty; but in this I took measures to disappoint him,
for those chiefs would not meet. In this do you not see my cause of triumph, in
bringing these conquerors of the Old, and masters of the New World, as they call
themselves, to bend and supplicate for peace, at the feet of a people whom,
shortly before, they despised and marked out for destruction?
"My people being all at home, and the grand ceremony of kindling the new
fire being just over, I deem it the fittest time to meet these Commissioners,
and have accordingly made the broken days, of which nine are left to set out in.
In conducting the business of the treaty, I will, as you observe, confine it to
the fixing our limits and the acknowledgement of the independence of my nation."
William Bacon Stevens in describing the further attempt at treaty-making at
Rock Landing says: "Unwilling to relinquish the efforts at Indian pacification,
other and more honorable Commissioners were associated with General Pickens, and
appointed to treat with McGillivray. These were General Lincoln, who had served
as Commander of the Southern army during the Revolutionary War; Cyrus Griffin, a
former President of the Continental Congress, and David Humphreys, one of the
military family of Washington, and subsequently minister of Spain. These persons
sailed from New York, August 31st, for Savan-
-----------------
p. 203
nah, in a vessel well laden with Indian presents; and having reached there on
the 10th of September, in safety, they prepared to enter upon their duties by
sending word to McGillivray of their arrival, and requesting him to meet them,
on the 20th of September, at Rock Landing on the Oconee. To this place they
accordingly repaired, with their escort, a company of United States Artillery,
under Captain Burbeck, and pitched their tents, on the 20th of September, 1789,
on the eastern bank of the river.
"McGillivray, with two thousand warriors, gathered around him to display his
power and overawe the Commissioners, encamped on the western bank of the Oconee;
and after several days spent in private interviews with McGillivray, and the
formalities usual on such occasions, the business of the Council was entered
upon the 24th of September, by the Commissioners presenting to the Chiefs a
draught of a treaty which they proposed as the basis of pacification. At the
time of its delivery, the Indians seemed pleased; but when it was talked over in
the council of the chiefs that night, dissatisfaction appeared, and so
increased, that the next morning McGillivray wrote to the Commissioners that the
bounderies proposed did not satisfy the nation, and that the chiefs had resolved
to break up the council and depart.
"This announcement took the Commissioners by surprise, and they immediately
addressed a note to McGillivray, imploring him to prevail on the chiefs to
remain. Instead of this, however, he abruptly broke up the encampment, and,
under plea of seeking forage for his horses, moved back several miles from the
river; and two days after, from his camp on the Oc-mulgee, he wrote to the
Commissioners that he had determined to return to the nation, 'deferring the
matter in full peace till next spring. We sincerely desire a peace, but we
cannot sacrifice much to obtain it'."
It was with great mortification, after so much toil and expense, and so
large expectations of fruit-
-----------------
204
ful results, that the Commissioners were obliged to report to the Secretary of
War, that "The parties have separated without forming a treaty."
The treaty which failed at Rock Landing was proclaimed in New York by
President Washington on Aug. 13, 1790; signed on the part of the United States
by Knox, sole Commissioner, and by Alexander McGillivray and twenty-three chiefs
in behalf of themselves and the whole Creek nation.
Additional Comments:
From:
Part IV - History of the D. A. R.
HISTORY of BALDWIN COUNTY GEORGIA
BY MRS. ANNA MARIA GREEN COOK
ILLUSTRATED
ANDERSON. S. C.
Keys-Hearn Printing Co.
-1925—
File at: http://files.usgwarchives.net/ga/baldwin/history/other/gms249historyo.txt
This file has been created by a form at http://www.genrecords.org/gafiles/
File size: 86.4 Kb