Worcester-Statewide County MA Archives Military Records.....Baldwin, Col. Jeduthan December 8, 1775 Revwar ************************************************ Copyright. All rights reserved. http://www.usgwarchives.net/copyright.htm http://www.usgwarchives.net/ma/mafiles.htm ************************************************ File contributed for use in USGenWeb Archives by: Nancy Poquette npoq@hotmail.com November 7, 2009, 9:03 pm REVOLUTIONARY JOURNAL OF COL. JEDUTHAN BALDWIN From: http://books.google.com/books?id=7- HUFSwyqzcC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_v2_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q=&f=fals e. This is my transcription of the book found on Google Books. It differs from the transcription in the book, which was done with all of the original spelliing and grammatical errors. I chose to pepare this transcription for two reasons: The first was to make the names of those people mentioned by Baldwin more searchable on the internet by using the standard spelling used for them by historians or descendants, and secondly, I personally find all of the abbreviations and misspellings to be distracting from the meaning intended by the writer of the journal. Hopefully, I have correctly interpreted most of the misspelled words, but for those who chose to doublecheck the meaning or intent, refer to the Google Books 'url' at the beginning of this paragraph. The American Rev. Journal of Col. Jeduthan Baldwin. [See Indians wars for the first pages 3-16] Page 17: Dec. 8 1775 Bought cloth for great coat. Dec. 10 1775 Received 68 dollars, ration money. Paid hide for Oliver's coat, blanket & sundry articles, & a pair of long breeches. [Footnote 1: Oliver Howe, Col. Baldwin's body servant.] 11 Finish the fortification on Cobble Hill. [Footnote 2: Cobble Hill: This is where recently (written in 1906) was the McLean Asylum for the Insane in Somerville.] Page 18: 12 Begun the causeway at Lechmor Neck. 13 Began the covered way onto Lechmor Hill. Col. Glover regiment & Capt. Foster company of the train marched for Marblehead, upon hearing of 3 men-of-war lying at that place. Bought a watch for 8£. [Footnote 3: Col. Glover: John Glover, Colonel of Massachusetts Regiment 19 May to December, 1775; Colonel of 14th Continental Infantry 1st January, 1776; Brigadier General Continental Army 21st February, 1777.] 14 Worked on Lechmor Point. [Footnote 4: Lechmor Point: Now East Cambridge; so called because owned by the Lechmor family.] Went in the afternoon to Dorchester Point to see the machine to blow up shipping, but as it was not finished, it was not put into the water. 15 Came from Dorchester & went to Lechmor Point to work. Received a letter from Jesse Cutter. Oliver' shirts & geese from Brookfield. 16 Staked out the fort on Lechmor Point. 17 went to work on Lechmor Point, it was very foggy in the forenoon, & when the fog cleared away we had a very heavy fire from the ships, & from Boston, but through divine goodness we received but little damage. Abel Woods was wounded in the crotch or thigh. Worked all night, got our men covered. 18 Went down in the afternoon to Lechmor. Wrote to Mr. Forbes. 19 Went upon Leachmor Point to work. A number of shot & shells were thrown from Bunker Hill & from Boston at us & at Cobble Hill. Many of the shot lodged in our breastwork, & some of the bombs broke high in the air, & two near our works, but no mischief done this day. Page 19: 20 Went upon Lechmor Point. We received a number of 24 lb. shot from Boston into our breastwork, & others just went over all in a direct line, hit the wall. Several bombs burst in the air. One was thrown from Bunker Hill into Cambridge by Phinney’s regiment, 13-inch, which did not bust. Went to see Abel Woods. Found him comfortable. Bought cups & glassware for 7/6. 21 Went to Leachmor Point in the morning. Went to Watertown in the afternoon. It was very cold this day. The enemy did not fire at us this day. 22 At home. Received Betsey’s letter wrote by Dr. H. Bought 6 yds of garlic & sent it to Brookfield. 23 Went to Lechmor Point in the morning. Wore Gen. Putnam’s greatcoat. [Footnote 5: Genl. Putnam: Israel Putnam, born at Danvers, Mass., in 1718; served in the French and Indian war; Lieut. Colonel in Lexington alarm April, 1775; in 1775 was given command of the Connecticut forces; was at the battle of Bunker Hill; held the command at New York, and in 1777 was appointed to the defense of the Highlands on the Hudson; Colonel 3rd Connecticut 1st May, 1775; Major General Continental Army 19th June, 1775. He died in 1790.] Major Durkee went home with Capt. Waterman & Lt. Bigham. [Footnote 6: Major Durkee: John Durkee, Major 3rd Connecticut 1st May, 1775 Lieut. Colonel 20th Continental Infantry 1st January, 1776.] 24 Lords Day & a very snowy, cold day. Cut down the orchard at Lechmor Point, & laid the trees round the fort. Had 4 oxen drowned coming off the Point. 25 A very cold day. Dined with Genl. Putnam. Went upon Lechmor Point at sunset, & then went to Genl Washington. In the evening, found & skinned the 4 drowned oxen. 26 Went to Lechmor Point. Laid a platform for the great mortar, worked at the bridge. The day fair & extreme cold. Dined with Genl. Washington & Lady. Page 20: 27 Went to Watertown, paid 10 dollars to Pattin. Col. Comings lodged with me. 28 Went to Lechmor Point, finished the bridge & 2 platforms in the lower bastion. 29 Laid one platform for a mortar in the lower bastion & a platform for a cannon in the upper bastion at Lechmor Point. Cold. 30 Cut out two embrasures at Lechmor Point. A number of guns heard off at sea. Supposed to be ships coming in, or privateers engaged. 31 Lords Day. It rained in the morning. No fatigue this day. Went to Meeting. Mr. Leonard preached from Exodus 1:11 & 10. Jan. 1 1776 The old troops went off & left the lines bare in some parts, cold. 2 Took a plan of the fortification at Lechmor Point. Warm, pleasant day. 3 Went with 40 men to work at Lechmor in the forenoon & to Watertown in the afternoon. A warm, pleasant day. 4 To Lecchmor Point, cast the embrasures. 5 Went to the Half Moon battery at Inman’s Point. A pleasant day. 6 To Inman’s Point & to Lechmere Point. A very windy day. 7 Lords Day, worked the circular battery on Inman’s Point, & cut out the obtuse embrasure in the upper bastion Page 21: on Lechmor Point, & threw down the stone wall there. Took a plan of Cobble Hill Fort. 8 Finished the circular battery at Inman’s Point, & worked with 100 men at Lechmor Point. Laid out the west redoubt in the corner of the orchard at Lechmor Point. Major Knowlton with a number of officers & men crossed the milldam to Charlestown & burned eight houses & other of the buildings there, which made a great light. Left only 6 houses remaining. [Footnote: 7 Major Knowlton: Thomas Knowlton, Major 20th Continental Infantry 1st January, 1776.] 9 Begun upon the west redoubt on Lechmor Point. It rained several showers this day & cleared off cold just at night, when the wind rose & was very high. 10 Had 5 teams carting sods, laid them in the new works, laid the abatis round the new works, cased the embrasure in the upper redoubt, & maised the epolimey there. This day, excessive cold and windy. 11 Worked at Lechmor Point. Drew in abatis. Broke ground for the new work, finished laying out the work with stones. It rained & snowed in the evening, & was a cold day. 12 Worked at Lechmor Point. Had 100 Riflemen to work with us; 200 from Prospect Hill [Footnote 8: Prospect Hill: In Somerville, north from Cobble Hill.] which made 300 in all, but found the ground very hard frozen, a foot thick in general. The oxen worked well. This day raw, cold, chilly wind. Col. Millin gave me a quire of paper to draw plans on. 13 Worked at Lechmor Point; had 4 teams carting sods. Page 22: Laid out 2 embrasures in the west redoubt. Capt. Dyer & Lt. Gray came down & joined us. [Footnote 9: Lieut. Gray: Ebenezer Gray, 2nd Lieutenant 3rd Connecticut 1st May to 19th December, 1775; 1st Lieutenant and Quartermaster 20th Continental Infantry 1st January, 1776; Brigade Major to General Parsons' Brigade 31st August to December, 1776; Major 6th Connecticut 1st January, 1777; Lieut. Colonel 15th October, 1778.] 14 Lords Day. Worked at Lechmor Point. Breakfasted, & supped with General Putnam in company with Col. Trumball, Mr. Hutchison, Major Cary, Mrs. Morgan, Capt. Abbott & Lady, & Mr. Webb. [Footnote 10: Major Richard Cary: Brigade Major 15th August, 1775; Lieut. Colonel and aide-de-camp to Gen. Washington 21st June, 1776.] [Footnote 11: Captain Abbot: Joshua Abbot, Captain 1st New Hampshire Regiment 24th April to December, 1775; Captain 5th Continental Infantry 1st January to 31st December, 1776.] 15 Worked at Lechmor Point. It was a raw, cold day and snowed some. Col. Little & Col. Sergent were officers of the works. [Footnote 11: Col. Little: Colonel, Massachusetts Regiment 19th May to December, 1775; Colonel 12th Continental Infantry 1st January to 31st December, 1776.] [Footnote 13: Col. Serjant: Paul Dudley Sargent, Colonel of Massachusetts Regiment May to December, 1775; Colonel of 16th Continental Infantry 1st January to 31st December, 1776.] Received an order from Genl Putnam for wine, the order as follows, viz: ‘To Commissary Avery, Sir, ‘Deliver Col. Baldwin fifteen gallons of wine, which is necessary for health & comfort, he being every day at the works in this cold season, Cambridge Jan. 12, 1776. Israel Putnam M. G.’ A great whirrawing in Boston, pulling down houses in Charleston & in Boston. 16 Worked at Lechmor Point. Major McGraw, officer of the works. A very still, calm day. A great stir & noise in Boston. We doubled our guards in front this night. 17 Paid David Kelly 2/6 in full for shaving & agreed for his shaving & dressing hair every day for 8/ a quarter. Page 23: Worked at Lechmor Point, Major McClary officer of the fatigue. A very thick fog till about 2 o clock & then the wind at west cleared of the fog & it rained & snowed & was a stormy afternoon & evening. 18 Received the news of the death of sister Forbes by Dr. Rogers. Wrote to Father Parkman [Footnote 14: Father Parkman: Rev. Ebenezer Parkman, of Westboro, Mass.] & Mrs. Baldwin. Commissary Avery & Mr. Grey dined with me. No fatigue this day at Lechmor Point. Received the news of the death of Genl. Montgomery & others before Quebec the 30 of December. 19 Went to work at Lechmor Point. The ground was frozen 22 inches deep, as hard as a rock, & in one night it froze in the trench 8 inches deep, so that we pried up cakes of frozen earth 9 feet long & 3 feet broad. It was fair but very cold this day. 20 Worked all day at Lechmor Point. This day clear & cold. Could not dig sods in the marsh it was so frozen. 21 Lords Day. Stayed at home wrote to Mr. Forbes & Mrs. Baldwin. 13 Indians came from Canada to see Genl. Washington. It was a cold day. Went to Col. Gridley’s in the evening. [Footnote 15: Col. Gridley: Colonel Massachusetts Artillery Regiment 2d May, 1775; wounded at Bunker Hill; Colonel and Chief Continental Artillery 29th September to 17th November, 1775; Colonel and Chief Engineer June, 1775, to August, 1776; in service to 1st January, 1781, then retired.] Drank coffee, & then went to Genl. Heath’s, spent the remainder of the evening. [Footnote 16: Genl. Heath: William Heath, Major General Massachusetts Militia 20th June 1775; Brigadier General Continental Army 22d June, 1775; Major General 9th August, 1776.] 22 Worked at Lechmor with a large party. Genl. Washington, Putnam & Gates, with several other gentlemen, came down to sec the works. [Footnote 17: Gen. Gates: Horatio Gates was born in Essex, England; served under General Braddock and on the peace of 1763, retired to an estate in Virginia. In 1775 was Adjutant General and in 1776 Commander of the army which had just retired from Canada; compelled the surrender of Burgoyne at Saratoga, October, 1777; died April 10,1806.] The ground was frozen in 2 feet deep and excessive hard, in some places. The men got Page 24: through the frost, & in other places they did not. All day rolled up an old wall into a line for a breastwork. Very cold & high tide this day. 23 Worked at Lechmor Point, 13 of the Cocknawager Indians came to see the works. The regulars in Boston exercised on Boston Common, & went through many firings. The day pleasant but a raw, cold, chilly wind; the ground excessive hard frozen. 24. Worked at Lechmor Point, cut sods, had 5 teams carting sods. A topsail schooner was brought by the ice up Charles River to New Boston with the tide before she got clear of the ice. 8 men made their escape from the Admiral's ship. 25 Went to Lechmor Point in the forenoon; took a draft of Fort No. 1 & No. 2 in the afternoon. Col. Durkee, Lt. Bingham & other officers came into camp. 26 Mr. Leonard came into town. Attended prayers this morning. The fatigue men all employed in pulling up wood & housing, coal &c. I went to Lechmor, but no work there. 27 Made a plan of Lechmor Point. This day very cold, but fair. 28 Lords Day. Went to Meeting. Mr. Leonard preached & in his sermon addressed the close of his discourse to a number of Indians present. Page 25: 29 Went to Watertown with Joseph Newell. Sent by him a bag of old clothes & a box and firkin. Heard that 22 companies of regulars were gone to New York. 30 Worked at Lechmor Point. 31 Worked at Ditto. Got leave of absence from camp the day. Feb. 1 1776 Set out for Brookfield in the morning. Dined at Wistown, Capt. Baldwin’s. [Footnote 18: Wistown: Probably what is now called Weston.] Drank coffee at Northboro, lodged at Shrewsbury. [Footnote 19: Shrewsbury: A town north of Worcester.] 2 Breakfasted at Worcester. Dined at Leicester at Mr. Todd’s with Mr. Allen, who accompanied me to my house. Found my family well. 3 At home. 4 At home, went to Meeting. Heard Mr. Appleton preach from 1 Peter 3 & 7. 5 Went to the South parish to Mrs. Welch’s, Capt. Upham’s, & Rev. Mr. Fish. [Footnote 20: Capt. Upham: Phineas Upham of Brookfield, who was very active in revolutionary affairs.] 6 At home. 7 At home. 8 Set out for Cambridge, lodged at Shrewsbury. 9 Dined at Framingham, Col. Buckminster’s. [Footnote 21: Col. Buckminster: William Buckminster, Lieut. Colonel of Brewer's Massachusetts Regiment May, 1775; Lieut. Colonel 6th Continental Infantry 1st January, 1776.] Called at Robert Jenson’s & Mr. Pigeon’s, waited upon Genl Putnam & Washington. 10 At home in camp. It stormed some. 11 Lords Day. Worked at Lechmor Point. It was a cold day, the ground frozen very hard 28 inches deep. Page 26: We made very large mines under the frozen surface to get earth to fill the parapets, the outsides of which was partly raised with stone & part with timber. 12 At Lechmor Point. Picked up the regulars bullets fired towards Lechmor on the ice. One man got 80, another 60, & many others got large numbers. The general officers went upon Dorchester Point. [Footnote 22: Dorchester Point: What is now (in 1906) called City Point in South Boston.] 13 Worked at Lechmor. Genl. Washington with a number of the general officers came upon the Point. Found a good bridge of ice to Boston. 14 At daybreak I arose by the light of 4 fires shining into my chamber windows. Supposed to be houses in Boston set on fire by our people, but about 10 o'clock were informed that 2 detachments of regulars, one from the castle, the other from Boston, 10 or 1200 in all, landed at Dorchester Point & attempted to take our guard, but were disappointed & they set fire to 8 or 10 houses on that point & retreated to the castle again. [Footnote 23: The Castle: Castle Island, Boston Harbor.] A snowy day. I, at home. No fatigue today. 15 Worked at Lechmor. Col. Durkee taken sick. One of our men fell through the ice near Boston, but after 15 minutes he got out himself. Bought 50 lemons. Col. Holden, officer of the fatigue. 16 Worked at Lechmor. Mr. Leonard & Dr. Foster came to see the works. [Footnote 24: Col. Learnard: Ebenezer Learned, Colonel of a Massachusetts Regiment 19th May to December, 1775; Colonel 3rd Continental Infantry 1st January, 1776; Brigadier General Continental Army 2d April, 1777.] The channel opened up into the bay between Lechmor & Boston. Page 27: 17 Worked at Lechmor. Generals Washington, Putnam & Gates came down to see the works. Ordered a guardhouse to be built. Received Mr. Forbes’ letters. 18 Lords Day. Worked at Lechmor. Began the guardhouse & digging to set it in. I went to Meeting in the afternoon. 19 Worked at Lechmor. Afternoon I went to Newton. A Prussian came into our camp. 20 Worked at Lechmor Point. Dug round & undermined large pieces of frozen earth which we rolled out on skids of several tons weight each, in digging for the guardhouse. A fine pleasant day. 21 Worked at Lechmor. 200 men ordered for guard at this place. A fine pleasant day. Wind S. W. 22 worked at Lechmor. Laid up the timber upon the polmong before the guardhouse. A snowy, wet, uncomfortable day. 23 Worked at Lechmor. Raised the guardhouse. 3 prisoners taken at Roxbury. Pleasant day. 24 Worked at Lechmor. The carpenters at work on the guardhouse. A person from Boston confirms the intelligence that the regulars were preparing to embark. The vessels were wooded & watered, ready for a voyage with the chief of the heavy artillery on board. 25 Went to Meeting in the forenoon & to Lechmor in the afternoon. Began the chimney. Page 28: 26 Worked at Lechmor. Discovered the enemy building a battery on the high ground east from the magazine at West Boston, where they worked very briskly, but the air being thick & foggy, we could not see clearly. At evening received orders to go to Dorchester in the morning after I had waited on Genl. Washington. 27 Went to Roxbury & Dorchester Point. Lodged with Col. Learned in Roxbury. 28 Went to Dorchester Point. Received orders to have everything prepared to take post at that place. Went to Cambridge in the evening. 29 Went to Dorchester, ordered platforms laid at Cambridge. March 1 At Roxbury, laying platforms for cannon & 2 for mortars. 2 Building bomb batteries. Went upon Dorchester Hills with the Generals; received there instructions. [Footnote 25: Dorchester Hills: What is now (in 1906) South Boston.] Dined with them at General Thomas.’ [Footnote 26: Gen. Thomas: John Thomas, Colonel of Massachusetts Regiment May, 1775; Brigadier General Continental Army 22d June, 1775; Major General 6th March, 1776.] Pulled down 2 buildings on Roxbury Neck in the evening. Filled the embrasures with Abatis. Threw shells & shot into Boston. Split 3 mortars this evening. 3 At Roxbury. A number of shot & shells thrown this day into Boston. Lieut. Bingham was buried this day. Had everything in readiness for taking post at Dorchester. This night the ‘Congress’ was split with the 3rd shell or shells thrown from her. Page 29: 4 Preparing for taking post. An alarm by the regulars by boats going round to New Boston. Went upon Dorchester Hill. In the afternoon the army came on at dusk with 280 carts & wagons with the materials for the fortifications. 6 works thrown up this night at different places on the hills & high ground. A very great work for one night. 5 Worked on Dorchester Point. An alarm about noon by the shipping sailing down & regulars embarking on board. One man had his hand shot off. 6 Worked this day at Dorchester Point. Generals Washington, Putnam, with other general officers was down to see us. Raised 2 barracks. 7 Worked at Dorchester Point. 8 Worked at Dorchester Point. Began a battery on Battery Hill. Proposed taking post at Nook Hill. [Footnote 27: Nook Hill: An eminence at the extremity of Dorchester Neck, separated from Boston by a narrow arm of the harbor; Dorchester Heights commanded Nook Hill and the town itself.] 9 At ditto. Laid out a battery on the point towards the castle. Laid out a work on Nook Hill, which was proposed to be done this night, but soon after dusk a very heavy cannonade began at Boston over Nook Hill. Killed 4 men. Among the slain was Doctor Doal of Lancaster, & Adams of Brookfield. The cannonade lasted all night, very heavy. 10 At ditto, 30 ships under sail at once going down, a great stir in Boston, getting stough [stuff] on board the ships & Page 30: by all appearance preparing to depart. Attempted to take post on Nook Hill. 11 At Dorchester, firing all night, opined a battery. 12 Attempted to take post on Nook Hill, firing all night. 13 At Dorchester Point. Received orders for to go to New York. Went to Watertown Received 9.15.0 for the selectmen for guns. 14 At Cambridge. Received a warrant for 116 ¾ of dollars for service as engineer in the Continental Army to the 14th of March inclusive. Went to Roxbury. Dined at General Ward’s, with Rev. Mr. Samuel Baldwin. [Footnote 28: Genl. Ward: Artemas Ward, Colonel of Massachusetts Regiment 23rd May, 1775; Major General Continental Army 17th June, 1775; resigned April 23rd, 1776; on duty till 20th September, 1776.] [Footnote 29: Rev. Samuel Baldwin: Cousin to Colonel Jeduthan Baldwin.] Received a very friendly letter from Mr. John Adams, Esq. of the Congress at Philadelphia. [Footnote 30: John Adams: Second President of the United States; led the protest against the Stamp Act; was a delegate from Massachusetts to the first Continental Congress; proposed the election of Washington as Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army and was " the colossus of the debate" on the Declaration of Independence. Died July 4,1826.] Received the money above mentioned at evening. Bought a horse & saddlebags. Many things ought to have been noticed from the 4th day of March to this time, which in a hurry, have been omitted, but peculiar preservation cannot be forgotten by the person sensible of his preservation. 20 paid at Lt. Scott’s (of Palmer) [Footnote 31: Lt. Scott: William Scott, 2nd Lieut. of Sargent's Massachusetts Regiment May 1775; 1st Lieut. 16th Continental Infantry 1st January to 31st December, 1776.] for supper, lodging & horse 0. 2. 5. Chapin's breakfast & horse hay, 0. 1. 2 Eli dined horse oats. 0. 1. 0 21 Lodged. Supped, breakfast & horse at Hartford Benjamin[’s]. 0. 2. 6 22 Willingsford, supper, lodged horse. Page 31: 23 Lodged Fairfield Cables, dined at Bates. [Footnote 32: Fairfield: On Long Island Sound, southwest of Bridgeport, Conn.] 24 Lodged at Capt. Knaps, Horseneck. 25 Dined at Kings Bridge. Lodged at New York Supped with Genl. Thomson, Genl. my Lord Sterling, & a number of other gentlemen. 26 Rode in Company with my Lord Sterling & Col. Smith with a number of other gentlemen to view the works round the city & at the west end of Long Island. [Footnote 33: Lord Stirling: William Alexander, was born in New York in 1726. Being considered by many rightfully entitled to an earldom in Scotland, which he vainly endeavored to obtain, he was by courtesy called Lord Stirling. He opened the battle of Long Island where he commanded a brigade. He was with Washington at the battle of Brandywine in 1777, fighting side by side with Sullivan and Lafayette, and led one of the divisions of Washington's army at the battle of Monmouth. He died in 1783.] Dined with Genl. Thomson. Lodged at Stocktom’s in Broad Street below the Town Hall. 27 Went round to the several works in town & out to the fort at Hellgate or Horns Hook where we dined. 28 Wrote Mr. John Adams. Laid out some work on Ship Battery Hill, at Colonel Smiths wedding. Lodged with Capt. Badlem. 29 Rode round the works with the gentlemen in the forenoon, & in the afternoon gave an order to Capt. Bruen for to provide materials for the barrack at Fort Lord Sterling. Bought a cutlass for 16 dollars. 30 Began the work on the old fort to raise the parapet. It snowed this afternoon General Heath came to town with Col. Groton & several other regiments. [Footnote 34 Col. Groton: John Greaton, Colonel of Heath's Massachusetts Regiment 19th May, 1775; Colonel 1st July, 1775; Colonel 24th Continental Infantry 1st January, 1776; Colonel 3rd Massachusetts 1st November, 1776.] 31 Sunday. The men excused from fatigue & the ground was covered with snow & water. April 1 Begun the old battery. Went round to the several works with Genl. Heath & others. Page 32: 2 Went to Long Island with Genl. Heath & my Lord Sterling & others. Laid out & proposed several works there. In the evening a party of our men, 200, went onto the Island by the man-of-war & set fire to the buildings, brought off entrenching tools, fowls &c. that belonged to Governor Tryon & returned safe. [Footnote 35: Gov. Tryon: Royal Governor of New York.] The same night the furnace in this city was set on fire by some evil-minded person, & fled to the ship; but as it was soon discovered it did but little damage. 3 Drew plan for 2 works on Long Island. Bought a coat & jacket for 15 dollars. It rained in the forenoon, no fatigue. The Citizens excused from fatigue. Heard that the fleet was sailed from Boston. Genl Putnam came to this city. 4 Went round to the several works with Genl. Putnam & the other general officers. In the afternoon I went to Horns Hook, Fort Thomson. A fine day but windy. 5 To Long Island. Col. Smith went with General Sterling to the Jerseys. I laid out a battery at the Heights by the ferry on Long Island. I went with Genl. Putnam & General Thomson to Horns Hook. 6 Went to Red Hook. 7 Sunday, no fatigue. In the forenoon, firing over the Bay at the Jerseys. Our riflemen took 9 & killed 3 of the enemy, who came to take in water, with the loss of only one man wounded. Went with Genl. Putnam, Thomson, Page 33: Col. Mifflin & Trumbull upon Governors Island & concluded to fortify that place. [Footnote 36 Col. Mifflin: Thomas Mifflin, Major and Aide-de-Camp to General Washington 4th July, 1775; Major and Quartermaster General Continental Army 14th August, 1775, with rank of Colonel 22d of December, 1775; with rank of Brigadier General 16th May, 1776.] 8th. The ships fell down about 2 miles. 8 Went to Red Hook with Genl. Thomson, laid out a battery on that point, & then I went to Governors Island, laid out the fort. At dark one thousand men came on with the tools & went to work & before morning we had a fine trench. It rained all night & was very uncomfortable. Col. Webb commanded. 9 On the Governor’s Isle in the forenoon. Went to the city afternoon. Genl. Sullivan’s brigade came in. [Footnote 37: Genl. Sullivan: John Sullivan, Brigadier General Continental Army 22d June, 1775; Major General 9th August, 1776; taken prisoner 27th August, 1776; exchanged December, 1776. Resolution of Congress voted him thanks, passed September, 1778, for victory of August 29th, 1778.] 10 Went with the general officers to Red Hook & to Governor’s Island. 12 A wet snowy morning. Worked on the fort & battery with 400 men. 13 Worked at the battery. Genl. Washington came to town, with Genl. Gates & others. 14 Worked at the battery. Went to Long Island & to Governor’s Island where the troops worked. Col. Prescott’s regiment went over & encamped on Governor’s Island. In the afternoon I went to Meeting at New York. [Footnote 38: Col. Prescott: William Prescott, Colonel of a Massachusetts Regiment May to December, 1775; Colonel 7th Continental Infantry 1st January to 31st December, 1776.] 15 The ‘Asia,’ man-of-war went off this afternoon to the great joy of this place. Went with Genl. Washington, Putnam, & my Lord Sterling to Red Kook & to Governor's Island in the forenoon. Dined with them & spent the afternoon. Page 34: 16 To Governor’s Island. It rained. Received orders to get ready for to go to Quebec. 17 Preparing camp equipage & necessaries for the voyage. Col. Putnam came to New York. Brought letters from home. 18 Preparing for to go to Quebec. Bought sundry articles of stores. 19 Went to the Narrows with Col. Putnam. 20 Carried all our things on board the ship. Lodged on shore in New York. 21 Being Lords Day. Went on board Capt. Van Buren’s ‘Albany’ sloop about 10 o'clock. Had a good wind that carried us up the river about 30 miles. Lodged on board. Anchored about 8 o'clock. 22 Hoisted sail about 9 in the morning; had a big wind. This day ahead, came to anchor by the highlands after 3 o'clock, could not get through the narrows. I went on shore, reconnoitered the mountains, on the west side, went upon one about 500 feet high. As the wind continued ahead & very high we lay at anchor till about 11 o'clock at night, when the tide favored we hoisted sail & attempted the passage at the highlands, but were obliged to come to anchor before daylight after passing about 13 miles by Fort Montgomery & Fort Constitution. [Footnote 39: Fort Montgomery: West side of Hudson river, just above Peekskill.] I was on deck till after 2 o'clock this morning with a curious eye viewing the vast mountains & the difficulties in rough water. Page 35: The mountains are said to be more than 1/2 a mile high, almost perpendicular from the water. 23 This morning we were at anchor near Fort Constitution. After breakfast Genl. Thomson, Col. Sinkler, Major White, Major Suell, Capt. Badlam, Capt. Van Buren & myself with Doctor & Doctor & 2 Albany gentlemen passengers were our mess in the cabin. [Footnote 40: Capt. Badlam: Stephen Badlam, Captain of Knox Regiment Continental Artillery 10th December, 1775, to December, 1776.] Capt. Lindley & a company of carpenters was on board our sloop. We had 5 horses on board & 4 dogs. As the wind was contrary we could not come to sail. The Genl. proposed my going to view the fort (with him & several others went with us) as I was ordered by Genl. Washington to inspect the whole to the northward where I could do it without retarding our march, and make remarks & send them to him. We returned about 12 o'clock & come to sail, but the wind continued high & flawey but the tide favored. We beat about 3 hours when on a sudden a flaw took us, shivered our boom all to pieces & carried all before it overboard, knocked down the horses & as I was on deck it took off my hat with the rest, which was a great wonder no life lost or person much hurt. I immediately proposed the making a new boom. After we came to anchor I went with the carpenters on shore, cut a tree, hewed, shaved, drawled down a boom 51 feet long off from a mountain (a great height) & got it on board & it was completely fixed, ready to sail in 3 ½ hours from the time Page 36: the old one gave way, but as the wind & tide was against us, we lay at anchor till about 2 o'clock in the morning when the wind abated. Some time after my hat went overboard we discovered it at a distance. 4 of our men jumped into the small boat and brought it me. 24 This is a fine pleasant morning. We were passing the highlands, as I awoke, in company with several other sloops & then opened a pleasant settled country on each side the river. I went on shore to several houses on the west side the river, bought butter, bread, milk & eggs, got on board about 11 o'clock. The sloop kept under sail; had a gentle breeze of wind S. E. we passed by New Winsor & Newboro on the west side, Poughkeepsie & Lime Kilns. [Footnote 41: New Winsor: West bank of Hudson, just below Newburg] [Footnote 42: Newboro: Probably now Newburg.] [Footnote 43: Powcapsey: Poughkeepsie.] At Long Reach, people were throwing wood from a hill 80 feet high to load a vessel. A very fine pleasant day this. About 6 o'clock the sun went into a dark thick cloud & looked like a storm. We passed Livingston’s manor about sunset, kept under sail till ½ past 1 o'clock A. M. when our vessel ran aground with 2 other sloops. [Footnote 44: Livingstone Manor: Livingston Manor was a tract of land granted by government to Robert Livingston, who came to America from Scotland in 1675. It embraced a large portion of what are now the counties of Duchess and Columbia, in the state of New York. The original grant was confirmed by a royal charter of George I, in 1715, creating the Manor and Lordship of Livingston.] 25 Yesterday we sailed about 80 miles. This morning about 7 o'clock our vessel floated & we had a fine pleasant gale of wind, the weather fair, which carried us to Albany 12 miles in a short time. We soon marched to our quarters provided for the Genl. & his company. Set the carpenters & smiths to work making tent poles &c. Page 37: We dined agreeably with a number of our gentlemen of the army & others of the city. The general orders that Col. Greaton’s regiment march tomorrow for Lake George; Col. Paterson’s a Saturday & Col. Bonds Sunday, & Col. Poor’s a Monday next. [Footnote 45: Col. Paterson: John Paterson, Colonel of Massachusetts Regiment April to December, 1775; Colonel 15th Continental Infantry 1st January, 1776; Brigadier General Continental Army 21st February, 1777, to close of war; Brevet Major General 30 September, 1783.] [Footnote 46: Col. Bond: William Bond, Lieut. Colonel Gardner's Massachusetts Regiment 2d June, 1775; Colonel 3rd July to December, 1775; Colonel 25th Continental Infantry 1st January, 1776.] [Footnote 47: Col. Poor: Thomas Poor, Major of Frye's Massachusetts Regiment 20th May to December, 1775; Lieut. Colonel 5th Continental Infantry 1st January to 31st December, 1776.] When I am to march with the Genl. Thomson for Quebec, which will complete a journey of above 800 miles since I left Cambridge, but thank God I have health given to undergo any fatigue that I have been called to, in the cause of my country. 26 Wrote home from Albany by Bradshaw, breakfasted with Commissary Ransler, dined with Gen. Thomson, Col. Livingstone & a number of other gentlemen at the Kings Arms. [Footnote 48: Col. Livingstone: James Livingstone, Colonel 1st Canadian Regiment 20th November, 1776.] Mr. Varnam, Col. Greaton’s regiment, marched from Albany for Canada. 27 Col. Paterson regiment marched. Dined with Mr. Ransler. The armourers came up & joined the artificers at Albany. 28 Col. Bond’s regiment marched off for Canada. I rode with Genl. Thomson, Col. Sinclair, in a coach in company with other officers to the Cohoes, crossed the Mohawk River at Lowdon’s Ferry, went to Half Moon, crossed Hudson’s River & returned by Stone Robbin to Albany. [Footnote 49: Cohoes: At the junction of the Hudson and Mohawk Rivers.] Drank tea at Capt. Lonson’s, had a beautiful day & a most agreeable ride. 29 Supped with Mr. Ray at Merik’s at Albany & Dr. McHensey. Sent off part of my baggage with Capt. Badlem. [Footnote 50: Dr. McHensey: Samuel Mackenzie, Surgeon of 2d Pennsylvania Battalion 30th March, 1776; taken prisoner at Three Rivers 8th June, 1776.] Page 38: Dined with Mr. Livingstone, Commissary Gen. In the afternoon I attended a treaty between the Indians & English, present a committee of the city & county of Albany, Genl. Thomson & some other officers of the army & about 130 chiefs & warriors from 2 tribes of Mohawks, Oniadas, Tuskaroras, Onondagos & Kiogos. The Indians were all seated in a large hall. When we went in, they arose singly & came round in their turn & shook hands with all of us. After this ceremony was over we were all seated, the chairman of our committee arose & welcomed them to this place, was glad to see them in health & peace, & it gave us pleasure to have an opportunity to smoke a pipe & drink together, & then sat down. Pipes were brought for every man with tobacco, then one of the chiefs arose & said that they were glad to see so many of us, their brethren well, & that they had an opportunity to smoke a pipe with us. Then a kind of Quaker meeting lasted near an hour, except some little conversation. Drank some toddy together & then the Genl. said he supposed that they were tired with their long journey, that they had better sit & refresh themselves with some liquor that he should order, that he should call them together tomorrow, to smoke a pipe together & have some further conversation as brothers, & then we withdrew from such a scent (proceeding from the Indians & tobacco smoke, the room being crowded), as you can have Page 39: but a faint idea of. At night the Indians had a great dance. 30 Put my baggage aboard a bateau in the morning about 11 o'clock. I left Albany with a fair Wind. Dined at Stone Robin with Capt. Lonson, went to Half Moon, loaded all our baggage on wagons, went back to Mr. Lonson’s, lodged. May 1 Rode with Mr. Lonson to Saratoga. Lodged at Mr. Vak. 2 Went to Fort Miller. [Footnote 51: Fort Miller: On Hudson River, south from Fort Edward.] Lodged in a tent. After visiting Genl. Schuyler’s Lady & daughters on the road & Mr. Duer at the falls, Lonson returned. 3 Set out in bateaux & went to Fort Edward. [Footnote 52: Fort Edward: On Hudson River, south from Lake George.] Col. Poor’s regiment came up. The carpenters went forward to the lake, but for want of carriages, I stayed with the armourers at Fort Edward last night. This old fort is all in ruins, & was set on fire last Monday and continues burning. Last night the fire broke out in one of the magazines & burnt most furiously. Lodged at Dr. Smith’s new house, on my own bed very comfortably, in company with Capt. Badlam of the train of artillery. 4 Genl. Thomson came to Fort Edward and went to the lake. Just at night I set out with 3 load of my baggage from Fort Edward. Went about 2 miles & lodged at Mrs. ____ [name not given]. Page 40: 5 Went to the lake with Capt. Newland & Capt. Badlam on foot 12 miles. Got the cannon on board the sloop with the artillery stores. The carpenters & smiths put their baggage on board ready to sail. Genl. Thomson & others came & drank a bottle of wine with me. I supped with Genl. Schuyler & spent the evening. [Footnote 53: Genl. Schuyler: Major General Continental Army 19th January, 1775; resigned 19th April, 1779.] Lodged in my tent by the edge of the lake. A rough sea that washed down Genl Schuyler’s chimney as we were sitting after supper made us merry. 6 a very rainy day prevented the troops passing the lake as was proposed. At evening we caught aplenty of fish. 7 Set out from Fort George, received a letter from Genl. Washington informing me that the Congress had advanced my rank & pay as a reward of merit. I wrote a letter of thanks to Genl. Washington. 8 Last night we lodged at Sabbath Day Point. [Footnote 54: Sabbath Day Point: On west shore of Lake George.] Commodore Homes made me a present of 200 Acres of choice land with 2 houses upon it, which includes the whole of the low lands on & about the point. In the morning we set out & went to Ticonderoga Landing. (It rained hard.) Lodged in my tent. 9 Got our baggage over the carrying place to the fort with the boats. Dined at the landing with Genl. Thomson, Col. St. Clair. [Footnote 55: Col. St. Clair: Arthur St. Clair, Colonel Pennsylvania Militia 1775; Colonel 2d Pennsylvania Battalion 3rd January, 1776; Brigadier General Continental Army 9th August, 1776; Major General 19th February, 1777.] Lodged in my tent by the edge of Lake Champlain. Page 41: 10 Left Ticonderoga about 11 o'clock. Dined at Crown Point, where I took in a number of entrenching tools &c. Lodged in my bateau, 8 miles below Crown Point, by the side of the lake. 11 Set off about sunrise. Breakfasted at the Split Rock below the Upper Narrows. We passed by the White Mountains or Mountain, covered with snow this day. Dined on an island, ‘4 Brothers,’ & then set off & soon was taken with a high wind which carried away one mast & sail. We made the best of our way for the west shore, which was about 6 miles, against the wind. We all got safe in after about 3 hours hard rowing, 4 bateaux & 108 men, but the wind continuing high. We had like to have our boats beat to pieces before we could unload & draw them up. Lodged on shore in my tent. Several Indians visited us this day. 12 The wind continued to blow hard till about 12 o'clock, when it abated, & we loaded our bateaux & rowed off about one o'clock, 15 miles to a rocky cove. 8 bateaux in company, Major Morgan & Capt. Nelson. We caught a fine pike fish. 13 Set out about sunrise with a fine wind. Went about 20 miles & the wind failed. We went on shore, got breakfasted & set off, rowed to the narrows & then was favored with a good wind; passed by the Island of Noe & on about 6 miles met a bateau, who informed us that the regular Page 42: fleet had arrived at Quebec, & that our army had retreated about 15 leagues where they were fortifying. Went to St. Johns where the news of the retreat of our army was confirmed, went over to the east side the River Sorrell. Lodged at Col. Hasel’s. [Footnote 56: St. Johns: On Richelieu river.] We have a very gloomy account of our army at Quebec, the report is that about 500 of our men (chiefly sick) are taken prisoners with the artillery & stores, but no certainty. 14 We went down the River Sorell to Shambalee Fort, where we tarried to get bread baked, (no other provisions to be had here), in company with Genl. Thomson & the committee from the Continental Congress, who made me welcome to this place. [Footnote 57: Shambalee: On Richelieu river.] Advised me to take the small pox, as that distemper is brief in this place, & I proposed to take the infection tomorrow at Sorell, Doctor McKenzie of Pennsylvania regiment to attend me. [Footnote 58: Sorell: At the junction of the Richelieu and St. Lawrence Rivers.] They are building some armed boats at this place that will be soon ready for service. I just hear that all the entrenching tools are lost. Wrote to Crown Point for all the old entrenching tools to be sent down with all the irons belonging to the old carriage guns. Wrote home. Shambalee is beautifully situated on both sides the river, a regular Fort, built with stone & lime, without a trench, well situated by the river, a handsome church & pretty village. The women are black & no ways inviting. Page 43: Shambalee May 14 1776 My Dear, These papers may serve to let you know where I was on particular days, as I have kept a kind of journal as I have gone along. Though very short, it may give you some satisfaction. I have, through Divine goodness, enjoyed my health well & am very hearty at this time, though something of a gloom has passed this way, by the retreat of our army from before Quebec. The report is that about 500 of our army is left sick with the small pox (& otherwise) near Quebec which are fallen into the hands of the regulars with the artillery & what little stores they had there. 15 Left Shambalee with a fair wind about 10 o'clock in the morning, Sailed down the river 45 miles, through a most beautiful settlement on each side the river to Sorell, got down about 6 o'clock at evening. 16 Viewed the grounds on both sides of the river with Col. Wait & Col. Antle. [Footnote 59: Col. Antell: Edward Antil, Lieut. Colonel 2d Canadian Regiment 22d January, 1776; taken prisoner.] Dined & drank tea with Genl. Arnold. [Footnote 60: Genl. Arnold: Benedict Arnold, Captain in Lexington Alarm April, 1775; appointed by Genl. Washington Colonel Continental Army 1st September, 1775; Colonel 20th Continental Infantry 1st January, 1776, to rank from September 1st, 1775; Brigadier General 10th January, 1776; and Major General 17th February, 1777.] Genl. Thomson came from Montreal. Capt. Barnard, M. De la Marquisca, an assistant engineer, came to Sorell. [Footnote 61: M de la Marquisca: An Assistant Engineer from France.] Capt. Badlam moved and took the command of the artillery at Sorell. 17 About 10 o'clock this morning I was inoculated for the small pox with Col. Bond, Col. Alden, Major Fuller, Major Loring, the Rev. Mr. Barnham, Doctor Holbrook [Footnote 62: Col. Alden: Ichabod Alden, Lieut. Colonel of Cotton's Massachusetts Regiment May to December 1775; Lieut. Colonel 25th Continental Infantry 1st January, 1776; Colonel 7th Massachusetts November 1st, 1776.] [Footnote 63: Maj. Loring: Jotham Loring, Major of Heath's Massachusetts Regiment May to December, 1775; Major 24th Continental Infantry 1st January to 31st December, 1776; Lieut. Colonel 3rd Massachusetts 1st January, 1777.] Page 44: & Lieut. Oldham together in a mess by Dr. McKensey. Genl. Thomas came to this place from Quebec, left his army at the Three Rivers. 18 A General council sat & agreed to move the army down to De Shambo as soon as provision arrived for the army, which at present is scarce. [Footnote 64: De Shambo: Deschambault, on St. Lawrence river, near Quebec.] The army at ½ allowance. 19 Sunday. This is observed, but all the men at work that can be employed with tools at three breastworks at different places, one on the point across the river. Ordered that all the tools be brought in from the several works to go down with the army. Col. Greaton dined with me, & Col. St. Claire breakfasted with me. Laid out some works, mounted some cannon & got the smiths to work. Genl. Arnold went last night to Montreal. 20 We had the news of Capt. Bliss’s being taken (by the regulars & Canadians from Detroit) at the Cedars above Montreal with the provisions going to that place. [Footnote 65: Capt. Bliss: Theodore Bliss, Captain of Patterson's Massachusetts Regiment May to December, 1775; Captain of 15th Continental Infantry 1st January, 1776; taken prisoner near The Cedars 18th May, 1776; released 19th May; again taken prisoner at The Cedars 20th May, 1776.] This news gave a damp to the spirits of our people as hundreds of them had taken the small pox, & others daily expecting to have it. Genl. Thomas sick & not one barrel of provision in the store & the men at half allowance for several days past, & no certainty of any coming soon, was truly distressing. I went with Col. Bond, Col. Alden & Major Fuller up the River Sorell 13 miles to St. Ours. Lodged at Col. Duggan’s. Page 45: 21 Breakfasted at Col. Duggan’s, went up 3 miles to Capt. Lamoureux to see our lodgings & returned to Col. Duggan’s. Dined & then went up with our bateau to our agreeable French landlords, drank coffee together. 60 barrels of pork went down to Sorell. 22 Genl. Thomas came up to St. Ours, sick with the small pox. We heard of our army being cut off at the Cedars, command by Major Sherburn [Footnote 66: Major Sherburn: Major 15th Continental Infantry 1st January to 31st December, 1776: taken prisoner near Cedars 20th May, 1776.] with 170 men. Major Thomas & Col. ____ dined with us & informed that our army at 3 Rivers were sent for to come up to Sorell. Col. Dehart went from Sorell with 450 riflemen & musketeers to Montreal & the Cedars, the artillery sent up from Sorell to Shambalee where I was advised to move to prevent my falling into the hands of our Canadian enemy which some few now began to show themselves unfriendly. [Footnote 67: The Cedars—on the St. Lawrence River just above Montreal.] Our army being very much neglected, the supplies not being sent forward in season proper for the support of the army together with the distress occasioned by the spreading of the small pox in the army, & other distempers two thirds, were returned unfit for duty, occasioned a cowardly and shameful retreat from Quebec, Deshambo & from the 3 Rivers to Sorell & this day I hear that Col. Poor’s & Col. Porter’s regiment are retiring to St. Johns to fortify that place. If this is the case when none pursues what may we expect when we are driven by the enemy. Page 46: I walked about to the neighbors avisiting. Fair windy day. 23 Had a restless night, a hard pain in my head & knees. I got up & after breakfast I walked with Col. Alden to Col. Duggan’s & back again to dinner, 5 miles, but the pain in my head continued & several pox appeared under the skin in my forehead, I eat a little dinner, but appetite & relish failed, living 8 days without tasting the least relish of salt in my victuals or tasting any kind of spirituous liquor. Just now heard that the army from the 3 Rivers was come up to Sorell. Col. Poor marched by with his regiment to Shambalee, Col. Porters regiment marched by for St. Johns & they advised me to retire, as it was expected the army would leave Sorell soon, but my French friends assure me that they will take the best care, that I shall have the first notice of any danger & that they will help me off should the enemy pursue. At several houses where I have got acquainted, these people are polite, kind & very friendly & are extremely loathe to have us leave them. It gives them great concern to see the army returning, but when Genl. Sullivan regiment comes over the lakes we expect that the army will proceed immediately down to Deshambo, which will secure a very fine country & without which an army cannot be supported there. Just heard that Genl. Arnold had taken a large store 9 miles above Page 47: Montreal worth 10 thousand pound Sterling, that was going up to supply our enemies on the great lakes & that he was entrenching & had secured his party & had sent for a reinforcement which was gone to him. This day I bought a bushel of the best wheat floured for 2 pisterenes & am informed that the inhabitants on the River Sorell raise annually for sail 150,000 bushels of wheat besides supplying their families. Their buildings are low & mean, nearly alike for 45 miles together. On both sides of the river it is level without one hill, save a number of water gullies that are short running into the river. The barns are thatch roughs & gable ends & the whole are built without nails. The buildings stand near as thick as in Worcester Street on both sides all the way on the river. This day Doctor McKensey & the Commissary Genl. visited me. The latter said that he had at the time of the retreat from before Quebec, above two hundred barrels of pork & 12,000 weight of flour in one store & that the army did not retreat for want of provision, it was in consequence of the situation of the army which extended so far that they could not be supported after the fleet & army should arrive from Halifax. Therefore a council advised that the army should retreat to Deshambo, where they were to fortify & make a stand but 3 frigates arriving with about 700 men just at the time when our army Page 48: was preparing to retire, a general panic seized our army which the enemy saw, they took the advantage, made an appearance, our army fled and left almost every thing valuable behind in the greatest disorder. Many of the officers behaved in such a cowardly manner as brings lasting disgrace on themselves, & others, the Commissary saith that the plunder taken by the regulars left by our army was worth at least 2000 pound Sterling besides the artillery & ordinance stores. The number of our people sick with the small pox that have fallen into the hands of the enemy is uncertain yet, but it is said to be small. A great battle fought but nobody killed & nobody hurt. By order, Capt. Newland, an assistant engineer, is sent to fortify St. Johns & Capt. Fish, an assistant engineer, is sent to fortify Shambalee. [Footnote 68: Capt. Fish: Nicholas Fish, Lieutenant and Captain; Malcolm's New York Regiment, 1775 and 1776; Major 2d New York 21st November, 1776, served till 3rd June, 1783.] This day they left me. A fine pleasant day. 24 After breakfast I walked with my companions round the fields, 3 miles, but felt poor no stomach to dinner, head ache & full of pain. In the afternoon I rode with my landlord by invitation in his calash to see Genl. Thomson & Col. Campbell at Col. Duggan’s. Returned very poorly & full of pain & very restless, may God grant his Blessing. If you think this & the other papers are worth preserving please to lay them by. 25 I was all this day so very full of pain & distress, especially over my eyes, that I was able to walk but little Page 49: abroad, frequently having severe chills running through my whole body, which is very tedious to bear. 26 Rested very poorly last night, & so poor all this day that I was scarce able to look up. The hard fits of fever & ague that I had in 1757, nearly resemble this day’s distress, but I walked a little abroad, as it was a fine day. 27 Rested some last night, and I was much better. This day the pox began to come out. Col. Livingston & Major Brewer came to see me. A very fine day. Genl. Thomson sent me a horse, Oliver was inoculated. 28 Slept none last night, a high fever which made me very restless. I got up early, the fever abated & I was comfortable, the pox coming out thick. A sore throat was troublesome. Went abroad but little this day as the air was cold & raw. 29 Slept but little last night, the pain in my head & sore throat were increased so that I was very poorly in the morning. The weather cold, I was advised not to go to a fire. Genl. Thomson, Col. St. Claire, Col. Maxwell & some other gentlemen called to see me, going to Shamblee. [Footnote 69: Col. Maxwell: William Maxwell, Colonel 2d New Jersey 8th November, 1775; Brigadier General Continental Army 23rd October, 1776.] 30 Had a very poor day, my throat very sore, a hard headache & very faint. The Doctor came to see me & said there is no fear you do well but you have a good deal to bear yet. Page 50: 31 Slept some last night, felt a little better. A number of bateaux went up from Sorell to Shambalee with provisions. A good day. A report spread that 1000 regulars & 5 thousand Canadians were at 3 Rivers, coming up on us. Many of the French inhabitants moved their families to Shamblee & St. Johns. We persuaded others not to leave their homes yet, it would be time enough to go with us. June 1. Slept better last night, my throat better but stomach very sore & squeamish, loathing every kind of food. The pox this day began to fill. The nurse counted 40 on and about my face. A rainy day. Genl. Thomas died of the smallpox. 2 Rested better last night, the pox turned this day, my stomach very foul, breath bad & my whole frame sore. This day, Doctor Stewart came to see me, who informed that Col. St. Claire was going from Sorell with 700 men to 3 Rivers. A schooner & 15 bateaux passed up this river from Sorell to Shambalee with provisions & stores. Heard Genl. Thomas was dangerous. 3 Genl. Woolke went to Sorell. A Schooner went by from Sorell to Shambalee. I remained extremely sore especially in my feet, heard of the death of Genl. Thomas at Shambalee. 4 Part of Genl. Sullivan’s brigade passed to Sorell in 56 bateaux. Capt. Badlam called to see me as he was Page 51: going to Shambalee. I took physic to carry off the pox. A pleasant afternoon. 5 Last night & this day I broke out all over as thick as possible which caused a severe itching. We just heard that Col. St. Claire was returning with his party, as he saw six ships of war at the 3 Rivers & 30 transports with a land army of 4000. Also just heard that Genl. Worcester was gone home. I think our affairs look dark, matters don’t go on right, & I don’t know how they should when the General of the army, Schuyler, the Commissary Genl. & Quartermaster Genl. are all in another country, but good conduct & 1 or 2 victories in battle may turn the face of things. Doctor Stewart came from Sorell to see me, lodged & is to return in the morning to Sorell. Col. Porter went to Sorell. A pleasant day. 6 I had a high fever last night, my body being all covered over with the pox, & an extreme fire and itching made me very uncomfortable. Col. Stark’s Regt. went to Sorell. This day Mr. Grant [a Canadian merchant] informed that a large fleet was arrived at Quebec with 13,000 regular troops, a part of which were near Sorell. Genl. Thomson went down the river with 1500 men from Sorell to 3 Rivers, where we heard the regulars were landing. 7 Rested poorly last night. The burning & itching of the pox was very tedious to bear. This day I took Page 52: physic that worked severely, but I was comfortable before night. A pleasant day. 8 This morning we were awaked at daylight with the report of cannon down the river which continued with short intermissions till about 9 o'clock. The cannonade was very heavy; supposed to be General Thomson engaged with the regulars. God give us the victory. 9 I rested very well last night. This day the pox that came out very fine. The 5th, began to turn, & I was better at my stomach. Col. Paterson, Major Scott & 4 other officers dined with me. Just at evening an account was brought that Genl. Thomson had engaged the regulars at the 3 Rivers, & got the advantage drove off the main body & had taken about 400 prisoners & was returning with them, his ammunition being nearly expended, and was again attacked by 900 regulars, who got the better of our troops, killing & taking number, & when the informer came away, the regulars was pursuing & our troops fleeing before them. [Footnote 70: Three Rivers: On St. Lawrence river at mouth of St. Maurice River.] 10 Col. Dehaws & Capt. Nelson & Capt. Butler called to see me as they were going to Sorell from the Cedars with their army. [Footnote: 71: Col. Dehaws: John Philip De Haas, Major of Pennsylvania Provincials, 1775; Colonel 1st Pennsylvania Battalion 22d January, 1776; Colonel 2d Pennsylvania 25th October, 1776, to rank from January 22d, 1776.] [Footnote 72: Capt. Butler: Joseph Butler, Captain of Nixon's Massachusetts Regiment May to December, 1775; Captain 4th Continental Infantry 1st January to 31st December, 1776.] They complained greatly of Genl. Arnold’s conduct at the Cedars, that it was altogether owing to him that the regular army with the Canadians were not cut off & our prisoners retaken. Major Sull came up to St. Ours sick with the mumps. [Footnote 73: St. Ours: a small place on the Richelieu River.] Page 53: Capt. Scott came up from Sorell as informed that Genl. Thomson's army was returned to Barkee; that they had left about 20 men killed, which was inconsiderable compared with the loss of the enemy, which is said to be above one hundred. Genl. Sullivan sent out orders for 2000 Canadian militia to go down armed to Sorell to the assistance of our army. 11 I set out from the parish St. Ours for Shambalee in a bateau. I am very weak & covered with the scales of the pox & unfit to travel. Col. Bond & Col. Alden go with me. Our servants out full with the small pox but not bad. Oliver has it very light. We dined at Armarble Ourashe on the west side the river, where we had a fine diner & was kindly entertained, then we went up the river to an old & good farmer’s where we lodged & was kindly entertained. 12 Went up the river about 6 miles to Mr. Ledjuay where we were very politely entertained where we lodged. A fine day but wind ahead. 13 Went up the river after breakfast to Point Olivier’s where we dined at a Mass House with a French priest & was very agreeably entertained by the friar, Mr. Lotbiniere. After dinner we went to Shambalee. Col. Hazel & Col. Antle informed me that there was at this place & St. Johns and about them, 2900 men sick chiefly of the small pox, that belonged to our army, which has broke Page 54: us so that we are poorly able to defend against so superior a force as we hear is coming against us & that very night. 14. Last night I lodged in my tent without taking any cold, & am very comfortable. I breakfasted with Genl. Arnold, who received a letter while at breakfast from Genl. Sullivan informing that he had received a letter from Genl. Thomson who was a prisoner with the regulars, with Col. Irving & Doctor McKensey. [Footnote 74: Col. Irving: William Irving, Colonel 6th Pennsylvania Battalion 9th January, 1776; taken prisoner at Three Rivers 8th June, 1776; paroled 3rd August, 1776; exchanged May 6th, 1778.] Col. St. Clair was just come in to Sorell, just alive, though fatigued. There is about 100 of our men still missing, but they hourly come scattering in. It is uncertain how many we have lost in this desperate action. It is reported that the 2 Frenchmen [Genl. Thomson’s guides] were traitors; there is but little dependence to be put upon any of them. We just now hear that 10,000 of our enemies are landed on an island opposite to Sorell about one mile distant. Our camp is poorly fortified, & our forces not a third in number that the enemy is said to be. Genl. Burgoyne, the most experienced general in the English service commands them. [Footnote 75: Genl. Burgoyne: John Burgoyne, Commander-in-chief of the English forces in America.] I am going tomorrow to St. Johns to give directions to fortify there in order to cover our retreat, which I think must be soon without a miracle is wrought in our favor. I hope we shall be able to retreat with all our artillery & stores to Crown Point, which is the best that I can reasonably expect of hope for, there to make a stand, let what will come. Page 55: 15 We were all employed in getting bateaux, artillery & stores up the rapids & to St. Johns. The army from Sorell came up to Chamblee. I went to St. Johns, laid out and directed some works at St. Johns, & rode back to Chamblee. Kept the men at work getting up bateaux. It rained all night very hard. Supped & lodged with Genl. Sullivan, Col. St. Clair, Col. Vose at Col. Hazen’s in the Fort Chamblee. [Footnote 76: Joseph Vose, Lieutenant Colonel of the 24th Continental Infantry 1st January to 31st December, 1776; Colonel 1st Massachusetts 1st January, 1777.] [Footnote 77: Col. Hazen: Moses Hazen was Lieutenant in British army on half pay when appointed Colonel 2d Canada Regiment 22d January, 1776.] 16 Sunday. Cleared the fort of all the stores at Chamblee, got the baggage away. I was ordered to the head of the rapids to forward the entrenching tools & then to St. Trace, half way between Chambalee & St. Johns, where I had the most severe fatigue in loading the bateaux with the stores & baggage brought from Chambalee in carts to this place to get them above the rapids. [Footnote 78: St. Trace: On Richelieu River.] The vast number of men sick & in the most distressing condition with the small pox is not to be described, & many officers running off leaving their men by the side of the river to be taken care of by me or others. About 1 o'clock it was reported that the regulars were at Chambalee & were coming forward, but it proved a mistake; but it had the effect of sending great numbers of officers & soldiers upon the run to St. Johns, & some to the Isle of Noix & others could not be stopped till they got to Crown Point. [Footnote 79: Oile of Noix: Isle aux Noix.] Page 56: 17 I left St. Trace after seven o’clock at evening in the last bateau & got up to St. Johns about 11 o'clock at night, extremely fatigued. Lodged with Genl. De Woolke. 18 This morning the Genl. called a general council, which advised to abandon St. Johns, dismantle the fort and carry off all the stores of every kind. We immediately sent off all the bateaux to the Isle of Noix with the sick & with stores, & the bateaux returned before night for more & by 6 o'clock every article was in the bateaux, the most of which went off; & then we set fire to all the buildings on both sides of the river. burned & destroyed St. Johns, & then I came off in the last bateaux with Genl. Arnold, & got up to the Isle of Noix about 12 at night but had neither bed or blanket & lay upon the thwart of the bateaux till daylight. It was cold. 19 This day a number of bateaux came up that were heavy-loaded to this place; bring every kind of thing from St. Johns, which thus far is the most speedy & good retreat from a country that it was not possible for us to command against so great a superiority of force. Just in our rear, the sick were ordered off to Crown Point, with the doctors & the carpenters & smiths to go also in the morning. 20 This morning I received orders from Genl. Sullivan to be ready with my baggage & entrenching tools on board my Page 57: bateau to go with him up the lake to look out a convenient place to fortify or to proceed to Crown Point. About 4 o'clock I left the Isle of Noix with orders to go to Crown Point with Col. Aldin, Capt. Ayres & Mr. Winslow, the paymaster general with his military chests, & I with the entrenching tools. Lodged on the east side the lake below Iron Point. Mosquitoes very thick. 21 Breakfasted at Iron Point or Point O’Fray with Rev. Mr. Barnham. [Footnote 80: Iron Point: Point O'Fray] Lodged on an island below Cumberland Bay. Dined at the Isle of Mot. 22 Crossed Cumberland bay in the morning the surf high. Lodged on the west side the lake where we were extremely tormented with fleas. 23 Came out a little way as the wind was ahead. Breakfasted at the Split Rock. Lodged on the west side the lake below Crown Point, 10 miles. 24 Came to Crown Point about 12 o'clock. 25 Unloading bateaux & sending them to Aux Noix. 26 & 27 Securing the stores & taking care of the sick, & sending bateaux down to the army. 28 This evening about 5 o'clock the camp was alarmed by 6 Indians at about 2 miles distance across the bay, who came to the saw mill & carried off one man, but did no other damage. A man died at this place this day. 29 Put the powder in the ice house, which was fitted up for a magazine. I raised a house for myself to live in. Page 58: 30 Heard by Mr. Torey, that Genl. Gates was coming to take the command of this northern army. The carpenters getting timber to repair the stone barracks in the fort, the fatigue men with the train continued getting the cannon out of the bateaux, with the other stores. I drank tea with the paymaster & Mrs. Tucker. Finished a great oven. July 1 Part of the army came up the lake. 2 Genl. Sullivan returned to Crown Point with the army & vessels. 3 Proposed to cover the army by redoubts, one of which was begun, but the men chiefly employed in securing stores. 4 a Genl. Court Martial set for the trial of a number of officers & soldiers. 5 Laid out some works on Chimney Point. [Footnote 81: Chimney Point: In Vermont, on east shore of Lake Champlain.] Genl. Schuyler, Genl. Gates & Genl. Arnold came to this place in the evening. 200 men went to Cumberland Head. 6 a Council of the Genl. Officers was held this day. I dined with the generals. 7 Received orders to go to Ticonderoga with some carpenters & to carry all my baggage. I collected all the entrenching tools together. 8 Went to Ticonderoga, with Genl. Schuyler & Genl. Gates, viewed the grounds on the east side the lake with Col. Trumball on one hill. Took 26 carpenters with me Page 59: to repair the vessels & the sawmill at Skeensboro. [Footnote 82: Skeensboro: Now Whitehall, at the head of Lake Champlain.] 9 Viewed the grounds on the east with Genl. Schuyler & Genl. Gates, round the peninsula; found water by digging on the top of the hill. Genl. Sullivan came in here. 10 Went over & marked out a road from the North Point to the top of the hill with Col. Wayne & Col. Trumball. [Footnote 83: Col. Wayne: Anthony Wayne, Colonel 4th Pennsylvania Battalion 3rd January, 1776; Brigadier General Continental Army 21st February, 1777.] Genl. Sullivan reconnoitered the hill with me. I went up East Creek to the Head about 6 miles, a muddy bottom. 11 Went over to the Point with 200 men to clear a road, dig well, &c. It was a very rainy day. We returned about 12 o'clock to camp, Very wet. 12 At work on the east side. 13 At work on the east side. Genl. Waterbury came in. I supped with the Genl. & other officers. [Footnote 84: Genl. Waterbury: David Waterbury, Colonel 5th Connecticut 1st May to 13 December, 1775; Brigadier General Connecticut State troops 3rd June, 1776; taken prisoner at Valcours Island 11 October, 1776, exchanged October, 1780.] 14 On the East Point as usual. 15 On the East Point, begun a 3rd vessel. 16 In the morning between day and sunrise I heard some persons say that ‘how come that chest open,’ another person answered ‘somebody has robbed it. They have pulled up the tent pins & taken the chest out,’ upon which I arose in my shirt & went out & found 2 friendly officers lamenting my loss. I examined & found that I was robbed of my hat, a camblet cloak, a surtoot [surtout: a man’s close-fitting overcoat, esp. a frock coat; also, a hood with a mantle, worn by women], a blue coat & jacket, full-trimmed with a narrow gold lace, a pair of silk Page 60: breeches, a snuff-colored coat turned up with white, a velvet jacket, 3 cotton & 3 woolen shirts, 3 stocks, 2 linen handkerchiefs, 2 pair of linen & 2 pair of woolen stockings, a pair of silver shoe & knee buckles, a surveyors compass or theodiler, & between 35 & 40 dollars in paper money, an ink pot, a knife, key & a number of papers, & other articles. I immediately sent to all the commanding officers present, & at the landing, acquainting them with my loss, the army was all turned out & a general search made but none of my things found. I borrowed of a friend, a coat & jacket & hat, for I had none left, I was stripped to my shirt, and my breeches & watch that lay under my head were saved only. Just at evening I heard that my coat turned up with white & velvet jacket was found with the buckles &c. in the pockets, hid in a blind place. 17 In the morning a part of my compass was found break to pieces & soon after the rest of it except the needle. This day I wrote to Genl. Sullivan to remind him of the request I had made of a discharge from the army, desiring him to use his interest in my behalf while at the Congress, as I am heartily tired of this retreating, ragged, starved, lousy, thievish, pockey army in this unhealthy country. 18. Visited all my workmen as usual but found many of them sick & great complaints of the want of provision, Page 61: that they had only 12 oz. of pork & 1 lb. of flour per day. 19 A very heavy rain last night & continued the chief of the day. 2 men of Col. De Haas regiment were found in their tents drowned in water; many others lay half-covered or set up all night. Such a heavy rain is seldom known. This day by Genl. Gates order, I received 98 dollars, which will enable me to purchase clothing, if I can find them, but they are very scarce & dear. 20 Over at the Point. It rained. 21 Over at the Point. A very showery day. 22 I wrote to Congress. 23 Laid out the park for the artillery on Rattlesnake Hill. Bought carpenters tools of six men & then discharged them. 24 Dined with Genl. Gates, & in the afternoon we went round the old French lines with Col. De Haas, which our people were at work very fast. 25 Genl. Gates & several other officers went over to the Point with me & highly approved of the works that I had laid out there, & ordered that 220 men should work daily at least, & as many more as could be employed & was in high good humor. Genl. Gates this day treated me with high respect and inquired if I had sent the letter, (that I had shown him 3 days before requesting a discharge from the army or rather a resignation), and that Page 62: I must not think of it, I told him that the letter was not gone but that Col. Antill had got it, who was going to Philadelphia. He said that he would write to the Congress to do something more for me & that I must not think of leaving the service, so that it is uncertain whether I see home so soon as I a few days ago thought of. 26 Received a letter from Col. Smith of New York. Received another letter from Capt. Hayes giving a particular account of the public affairs there. The letter from Col. Smith is very polite & complaisant, but another letter I received this day from my Lucy, worth all that I have seen since I left New York, as it is the first that I have received from her since I left Albany, or even of having the pleasure of hearing from home. This day there is a supply of fresh provision, & it is ordered that all the troops shall have 4 days fresh & 3 days salt meat a week. 27 Went over to the East Point with Genl. Arnold & Col. Trumball. We ordered the encampment of the brigade to be altered. Received 200 dollars to pay for tools, by order of the General. Esq. Gillliand dined with me. 28 This morning I visited all the artificers before breakfast as usual. I paid Esq. Gilliland 212 dollars for carpenters tools, as there is no Quartermaster Genl. at present with this army. I have that duty to do in part, & I have the entire direction of all the house & ship carpenters, the smiths, armourers, rope makers, Page 63: the wheel & carriage makers, miners turners, coalyers, sawyers & shingle makers, which are all together 286, besides the direction of all the fatiguing parties, so that I have my hands & mind constantly employed night & day except when I am asleep & then sometimes I dream. 29 Went over to Point Independence with the working parties. This day a French militia officer came into this place from St. Fransway. In 20 days, he informs that all the Indians refuse to act against us. This day I dined with Genl. Gates in company with Genl. Arnold, Col. St. Clair, Col. Dehaws, Col. Wayne, Col. Johnston, Col. Antle, Col. Ogden & a number of other officers on fine boiled & roast beef &c. [Footnote 85: Col. Johnston: Francis Johnston, Lieutenant Colonel 4th Pennsylvania Battalion 4th January, 1776; Colonel 5th Pennsylvania 27th September, 1776; retired 17th January, 1781.] [Footnote 86: Col. Ogden: Matthias Ogden, served as a volunteer in the expedition to Canada and was wounded at Quebec, 31st December, 1775; Lieutenant Colonel 1st New Jersey 7th March, 1776; Colonel 1st January, 1777.] 30 At Ticonderoga & lodge in the redoubt east of the garrison in the point of Rocks, but as my business calls, I am on Mount Independence some days 2 or 3 times in the day as was the case this day. Major Hay was appointed Deputy Assistant Q. M. & began his service. [Footnote 87: Mount Independence: In Vermont, on shore of Lake Champlain, just east of Ticonderoga.] 31 This day I was over at Point Independence and at the French lines, on the Heights. August 1 This day all the regiments turned out to work at the new battery, which was visited by the generals & a number of other gentlemen, who all highly approved of the work. At sunset one howit[zer] was fired on board a large gondola by way of experiment. The shell broke in the Page 64: air. One 13-inch bomb was also thrown from the same gondola on board of which were about 20 men. When the bomb went off, the mortar split & the upper part went above 20 feet high in the air over the men’s heads into the water & hurt no man. The piece that blew off weighed near a ton. I was nigh & saw the men fall when the mortar burst, & it was a great wonder no man was killed. 2 This morning I went early to Independence Point where we charged the other 13- inch mortar, by way of trial. When she was fired she burst just in the same manner (only this was on the land, & the other was upon the water) that the other did near about the middle the whole length, so that we have no large mortar here now. These 2 mortars were carried from this place to Cambridge & brought back & went down to Canada & then back to this place, at an immense cost, although they were worth nothing. Received by Genl. Gates’ order, 300 dollars to pay for tools, & other articles wanted in the army. In the afternoon I went round to see how the works were carried on at the French lines, found the works going on fast. 3 Laid out the ground for the laboratory & store near the park on Mount Independence, drawing timber together for those buildings. Wrote home by the post. 4 This day 2 French inhabitants came in from St. Page 65: Johns, who inform that a French fleet had arrived in Canada River, & that the regulars were all but about 200 were gone from St. Johns & Chambolee to Quebec with their artillery, but they know nothing of Capt. Biglow that went with the flag, or of Capt. Wilson, who are not returned. [Footnote 88: Capt. Bigelow: John Bigelow, served as a volunteer under Arnold at Ticonderoga in May, 1775; Captain Independent Company Connecticut Infantry 19th January to December, 1776.] [Footnote 89: Capt. Wilson: James Armstrong Wilson, Captain 6th Pennsylvania Battalion 9th January, 1776; taken prisoner 24th July, 1776 on Sorell River, Canada, exchanged 1777.] 600 of the militia arrived on the other side the lake, 2 miles from the fort & several came in for provision &c. 5 In clearing the guns on board of one of the gondolas, one of the cannon went off as they were charging it & killed the gunners mate. He was blown into many pieces & scattered on the water. This afternoon I found in an old thief’s pack, who was discharged & going home, my surtout, silk breeches & 2 pair of stockings. The thief is now confined in irons in the dungeon. 6 This day Lieut. Whitcomb returned from a scout; has been near St. Johns, but brings no acct. of our flag, or of Capt. Wilson’s party, & and that there is to appearance near 2000 regulars at St. Johns. This morning I found my hat with a sergeant. In the afternoon a lad discovered a pack in a chimney which contained my cloak, laced coat & jut-out, so that I have found my clothing, except my shirts, 3 pair of stockings & some necks. The needle to my compass, & cash I have not found. 7 This day Major Stewart, Col. Courtland, Col. Hartly & Capt. Bush breakfasted with me. [Footnote 90: Major Stewart: Walter Stewart, Captain 3rd Pennsylvania Battalion 5th January, 1776; Major and aide-de-camp to Genl. Gates 7th June, 1776.] [Footnote 91: Col. Courtland: Philip Van Courtland, Lieut. Colonel 4th New York 30th June, 1775; Colonel 2d New York 21st November, 1776, to end of war.] [Footnote 92: Col. Hartly: Thomas Hartley, Lieut. Colonel 6th Pennsylvania Battalion 10th January, 1776; Colonel of one of the sixteen additional Continental Regiments 1st January, 1777.] [Footnote 93: Capt. Bush: Lewis Bush, 1st Lieutenant 6th Pennsylvania Battalion 9th January, 1776; Captain 24th January, 1776; transferred to Hartley's additional Continental Regiment 13th January, 1777.] Major Page 66: Hay & Lady came to board & mess with me. This morning 2 of my shirts were found and some evidence appeared with the finding of the hat & shirts, against Sergeant Major O'Briant who deserted yesterday, & Genl. Gates this day sent an officer down to Fort Edward or Albany to apprehend & bring back the deserter, of whom I hope to get the money & all those stolen goods I have lost. I let Lt. have 12 dollars to bear his expense in his journey after the thief. 8 Two of my cotton shirts were found & a fair prospect of finding the rest. I laid out a redoubt on the north end of the French lines by the lake. Breakfasted with Col. St. Claire, made up a pay roll for the artificers. 9 Dined with Col. D. Haws with large number of gentlemen in the Brush Hall. In the afternoon I went over to the East Point with Col. Hazen, Col. Antle, Col. Greaton, Mr. Yancy & others. This day we hear that a reinforcement was come to Genl. How at York, 4000 of them, Provincials troops coming in to Skeenboro & to this place. 10 This day the paymaster Genl. dined with me & the Commissary Genl. with several other gentlemen. Made up the pay roll for the artificers of all trades. 11 Went over to Independence Point with Genl. Gates & Arnold to view the works. They expressed entire satisfaction. In the afternoon I received (by a warrant from the general) 1262 dollars to pay the artificers under my care. Page 67: 12 Last night about 12 o'clock Capt. Biglow returned with the flag from the regulars after being detained about a fortnight at the Isle of Noix, where he was treated with coolness, & civility by the regulars. When he went to that place there was not more than 50 regulars. The day after he arrived there, a reinforcement was sent up from St. Johns. Capt. Stevens & his party, about 35 men, were all taken by about 80 Canadians & regulars in birch canoes, surrounded him & obliged him to surrender. Lt. Whitcom, when he was on his scout between St. Johns & Chamblee discovered an officer on horseback coming towards him. [Footnote 94: Lieut. Whitcomb: There were two Lieutenant Whitcombs in Bedel's Regiment of New Hampshire Rangers — Benjamin and Elisha.] He secreted himself till the officer came up & then he fired at & wounded him, but his horse carried him off. We hear by Major Bigelow that the officer was Brigadier Genl. Gordon of the regulars, who died of his wound the next day. Major Bigelow carried 2 small chests of clothing for 2 of our officers who were prisoners with the regulars in Canada, but they would not receive them. They are brought back. Just as Major Biglow was coming off, an officer delivered him a letter to George Washing Esq., which he very coolly received with Genl. Carlton’s orders, [Footnote 95: Genl. Carlton: In command of the British forces in Canada.] which are very insolent as followeth, viz. Chamblee, August 7th, 1776. Parole St. Jerome counter S. Paris Genl. orders His Excellency Genl. Carlton orders the commanding officers of corps will take special care every one under their command be Page 68: informed that messages or letters from rebels or traitors in arms against their King, rioters, disturbers of the public peace, plunderers, robbers, assassins, or murderers, are on no account to be admitted; that should emissaries from such lawless men again presume to approach, whether under the name of flag-of- truce men or ambassadors, (except when they come to implore the King’s mercy) their persons shall be immediately seized and committed to a place of confinement in order to be proceeded against as the law directs. Their papers & letters for whomsoever, even for the Commander-in-Chief, are to be delivered to the provost martial, that unopened & unread they may be burned by the hands of the common hangman. At the same time the commander-in-chief supposes that neither the assassination of Brigadier Genl. Gordon nor the late notorious stretch-of-faith resolving not to return the troops and Canadian taken at St. Johns in exchange for those rebels who fell into the hands of the savages at the Cedars & Quenchen purchased from them at a great price, and restored to their country on those express conditions, be not imputed to the provinces at large, but to a few wicked & designing men who first deceived themselves, by these misled, the credulous multitude, to the brink of ruin; afterwards usurped authority over them established a despotic tyranny not to be born, & wantonly & foolishly endeavor to provoke the Page 69: spilling the blood of our unhappy countrymen of this continent in hopes of covering over there own guilt or confirming their tyranny by the general disturbance of their country. Let their crimes pursue those faithless bloody- minded men who assert that black is white, & white is black, it belongs to Britons to distinguish themselves not less by their humanity than by their valor, it belongs to the Kings troops to leave the blood of his deluded subjects whose greatest fault perhaps is having been deceived by such men to there own destruction, it belongs to the Crown, it is the duty of all faithful servants to restore from oppression and restore to liberty the once free and happy loyal people of this continent, all prisoners from the rebellious provinces who desire to return home, are to hold themselves in readiness to embark at a short notice. The Commissary Mr. Murray shall visit the transports destined for them and see that wholesome provisions necessary clothing with all possible convenience for their passage be prepared for those unfortunate men. They are to look on their respective provinces as their prison & there remain till further enlarged or summoned to appear before the Commander-in-Chiefs of this province, or any other Commander-in-Chief for his Majesty, for the time being, which summons they shall obey. Genl. How will regulate their place of landing. Page 70: 13 Genl. Brickett came in from No. 4 with others. [Footnote 96: Genl. Brickett: James Brickett, Lieut. Colonel of Frye's Massachusetts Regiment 20th May, 1775; wounded at Bunker Hill; served subsequently as Brigadier General of Massachusetts Militia.] 14 Laid out a redoubt on Independence Mount, which Genl. Gates & others approved of. Dined with Col. D. Hart & Wayne. 15 Raised the laboratory. Laid out & began 2 redoubts on the north end of the old French lines in the afternoon. 16 Laid out a redoubt on the north side of the Point with Col. St. Claire & Capt. Newland. Went over to Independence Point. Col. Hasel, Col. Antle, Col. St. Claire, Col. Wayne, Col. Maxwell, Col. Trumball, Major Stewart & others had a fine dinner, they dined with Major Hay & myself. 17 Laid out a wharf at the south side of Independence Point & ordered a large storehouse to be built, & also 2 guardhouses & then I returned with Col. Wayne & Col. Trumball. Went into the woods near the sawmill by a spring where we had a fine dinner, venison roasted on sticks Indian-fashion. An elegant entertainment made by Col. D Haws, Col. St. Claire & Col. Wayne at which the Genl. & about 15 other officers were present. A fine afternoon. 18 I went to Independence Point. I returned with an invitation & dined with the Genl. in company with about 20 other officers. Commodore Winecoop confined by Genl. Arnold. Page 71: 19 Dined at home. Major Hay & his most agreeable companion with Lt. Lukes dined my family out at Mr. Adams, where I was invited but the hurry of business would not admit of going. 20 Went with Genl. Bricket to the redoubts laid out a 1/2 circular one. 21 Over at the point to the workman. 22 Dined with Capt. Ayres. Went over to Mackintoshes, ordered the setting of the great storehouse & supped with Mrs. Hay. Mr. Raiment went away. 23 Dined & supped with Genl. Gates & received a letter from Esqr. Gilliland. 24 Laid out a redoubt on the N. W. side on the plain at the old French lines. 25 Went out to the sawmill to look out a suitable place for 2 regiments to encamp. Genl. St. Clair, Col. Wayne, Col. Allen & Capt. Dow went with me. Genl. Gates, Genl. St. Clair, Col. D. Haws, Trumball, Lewis, Major Steward & Doctor Canada dined with me in the afternoon. Received a letter from Genl. Thomson informing that he was at Quebec Harbor, ready to sail the 5th of August with all the prisoners in Canada going to New York. This letter came by two prisoners who had liberty to return to their homes on the lake. By them we learn that the regulars are in a readiness to pay us a visit. Page 72: 26 A very rainy day. I wrote & was paying off my workmen all day. 27 A very rainy day. 28 It rained hard & was dirty weather. Dined with Genl. Gates & supped. 29 Genl. Bricket & Capt. Newland dined with me. Concluded to build a sawmill. Began to hew the timber in the afternoon. Mr. Lucas went off for Philadelphia. We double manned our smiths’ fires & worked in all the shops both night & day to get the shipping rigged & the artillery mounted. 30 Took physic, was poorly, but went out a little upon business. Ordered 20 Men to assist the carpenters getting timber to 1/ per day the time they are about the sawmill. 31 The lee gondola & row galley sailed from this down the lake. Sent a party down the lake to bring up the running gears of Mr. Raymont’s mill. Col. Brewer’s regiment & Col. Phinney’s regiment came in this day. [Footnote 97: Col. Phinney: Edmund Phinney, Colonel of a Massachusetts Regiment July to December, 1775; Colonel 18th Continental Infantry 1st January to 31st December, 1776.] Yesterday, departed this life my very good friend Colonel Bond, & this day was buried under arms after a suitable discourse, & prayer. A discharge of cannon at the fort; much lamented by his brother officers. He lay sick about a week & died with the yellow fever. Sept. 1 Went out early in the morning with Genl. Bricket to lay out some works, but it rained & prevented Page 73: it. I made up a payroll for 3 companies of artificers. Col. Waile, Major Schult & Capt. Crague dined with me & in the afternoon I went to Mr. Hitchcock’s Meeting. [Footnote 98: Capt. Crague: Charles Craig, 1st Lieutenant of Thompson's Pennsylvania Rifle Regiment, 25th June, 1775; Captain 9th November, 1775; Captain 1st Continental Infantry 1st January to 31st December, 1776.] [Footnote 99: Rev. Mr. Hitchcock: Chaplain 3rd Continental Infantry 13th March to 31st December, 1776; Chaplain 10th Massachusetts 1st January, 1777.] 2 Went over the water to the point & then to the mills to lay out Col. Brewer’s encampment. Col. Brewer & Doctor Honeywood dined with me. 3 Gen. St. Claire, Col. D Haws, Col. Lewis dined with me. I supped with Genl. Gates. [Footnote 100: Col. Lewis: Morgan Lewis, Colonel and Deputy Quartermaster General Northern Department 12th September, 1776, to close of war.] 4 Breakfasted & dined with Genl. Gates. 5 Went round the works & over to the point & in the afternoon to the mills to order the encampment of Col. Willard’s regiment. This day received a letter from Genl. Schuyler; wrote at Albany informing of a battle at New York, that the enemy had lost 6 thousand, & that we had lost 3 thousand, that Genl. Sullivan & Genl. Sterling were missing, but nothing to be depended upon, as the report was verbal to Albany. 6 This day I dined with Major Sherburn at Independence Point. We again hear that 1200 regulars & 600 provincials were killed in the battle on Long Island & by a letter from Col. Hartly at Crown Point we are informed that a very heavy cannonade was heard down the lake for about 3 hours, which I suppose there must be an engagement between our fleet & the enemy. Page 74: 7 All hands at work at daylight preparing our batteries against the worst. 8 I was very poorly this morning as I had been yesterday & last night I took camphor that made me sweat all night; this morning took a portion rhubarb that worked very kindly. In the afternoon I went out to Col. Brewer’s & Willard’s encampments & laid out a fort on the top of the Mount, north of the mills. No news from our fleet. This day a party of Canadians & Indians were discovered between this & Crown Point. 9 I was very poorly with hard pain in my head & eyes. At evening took a vomit that worked well but kept me up part of the night. Heard that the regulars lost 1461 men killed at the several battles & left on the field besides what were carried off. Our losses said to be between 700 & 1000 killed & missing, but that several parties have come in since. No news from our fleet yet. 10 Was so sick that I did not go abroad. Pain in my head across my eyes & in my stomach & sick at the stomach, but could get nothing to take & so worried the day through. About sunset our boat returned that had been down the lake to the fleet, who informs that the fleet lay at Windmill Point. They sent 18 men on shore to make fasheens. A small party soon discovered an enemy, about 40 regulars, Canadians & Indians, who hailed them & offered quarters which was refused, & they, our people, all got safe into the boat, but they soon had 2 men killed & 7 wounded which were brought to the fleet. This Page 75: brought on the heavy fire from the fleet that was heard & they are yet safe. Received 3262 dollars to pay off my artificers. A row galley came down. 11 Paying off my workmen & about 3 o'clock another row galley came down. I had a severe fit of ague & fever that lasted 9 hours. About sunset I took a vomit that worked well & gave some relief, but very faint & weak. 12 Kept house. Had another hard turn of the fever & ague. Major Hay went down the lake, to purchase sauce. One row galley is called the ‘Congress,’ the 2nd row galley is called the ‘Trumball.’ 13 Was very faint and had the fever & ague again but not so hard as yesterday. 14 Had a turn of the fever & ague this day. 15 This day I missed having the ague, but was so faint that I can hardly walk, my stomach loathing all kinds of food; a little wine & water or wine whey being the chief of what I have taken since last Sabbath day. I am much better this evening but far from being well. 16 Was something better and it is of the Lord’s mercy that I am alive after such a hard & constant fatigue, being out early & late, crossing the water in the thick fogs that are peculiar at this place. 17 Wrote to Mr. Forbes. I was better but no relish for food. Began to repair my redoubt. Page 76: 18 Was better. Dined at Genl. Gates’ with Mrs. Hay, Col. D. Haws, Lt. Col. Pallacer and others. Col. Pallicer is a Lt. Col., a Frenchman. Lt. Col. Palliceur is come up as an Assistant Engineer. We heard from the fleet that they were all safe. A deserter came in & reports that there is about 7000 regular and other troops in Canada. They are very sickly especially the foreigners; that the inhabitants are much oppressed by them & often wish to have the Bostonians come back again. 2 others that came off with him parted from him & are missing. 19 Took physic. I broke out all over very full, which burnt & is very tedious to bear, but it is probable this may be of great service for I have been better 4 Days from the time I broke out with this rash. 20 Went abroad a little, but still unwell. 21 Was poorly, went abroad but little. Major Hay came home, has been down the lake 45 miles. Brought up aplenty of sauce for our mess. He says that 3/4 of all the inhabitants in this country are sick, such a time has not been known before. 22 I took physic, was better a good deal, feel well, to what I have been. Lt. Whitcom & 2 others brought in 2 prisoners, one Ensign Sanders of the 29th regiment & a corporal, which they took a little way from St. John's towards Longgale. Page 77: They inform that the regular army is collected chiefly at the Isle of Noix & St. John's. 23 I was much better except the breaking out. 24 I went out. Dined with Genl. Bricket. 25 The small schooner came up from the fleet to be refitted. She brought up 3 men that were wounded at Shanty Point by a party of regulars that decoyed a boat on shore by sending one man with his pack into the water & hailing for a boat to come & take him in. He said he had deserted & wanted to get on board the fleet, but the boat, well manned & armed, went towards the shore with caution, stern foremost. The ambush was discovered before the boat reached the shore & they soon put off & fired their swivel & small arms from the boat & the schooner also fired her guns, when several of the enemy was seen to fall. There was a general fire from the enemy & one of our men was killed & 3 wounded. It is said there was 3 or 400 of the enemy in this party. 26 I went across Independence Point to McDaniel’s to see the store & wharf & other works going on there. Heard of the battle at New York, but the particulars not certain. Major Pierce returned. Last evening Mr. Lucas returned from Philadelphia. He was at New York at the time of the action at Long Island, & New York & brings the particulars of the battles there. The ‘Congress’ row galley of 10 guns, besides swivels &c sailed down the lake. Page 78: 27 Went over to Independence Point with Gen. Gates, Genl. St. Clair & Col. Trumball to view the ground for a fort to be built. Afternoon went to the mills with Major Hay, Supped with Genl. Gates & St. Clair, Col. Wayne, Trumball &c, all in very good humor. 28 Drawing plans 29 I was round upon the works. Genl. Gates, Genl. St. Claire & their families dined with me 30 Went over to Independence Point. We heard that 3 persons was taken by the savages from Onion River & that our people was come off & left the place. The soldiers confined the officers & brought them off to Otter Creek. [Footnote 101: Otter Creek: A stream rising in Southern Vermont and flowing north into Lake Champlain.] I was drawing plans. Oct. 1 went over to the Point with Col. Pallaceer to lay out the fort. We run round the work but did not finish. Esq. Gilliland came up. 2 Went with Col. Pallaseer, Capt. Newland & Lt. Dallace over to Independence Hill, laying out the fort agreeable to a new plan I had drawn. [Footnote 102: Lt. Dallas: Archibald Dallas, 2d Lieutenant 1st New Jersey 9th December, 1775.] The several Assistant Engineers dined with me. I supped with G. Gates. 3 Genl. Gates, Rev. Dr. Gordon of Roxbury, Esqr. Gilliland & Mr. McCalley breakfasted with me. It rained all day. I had my accounts settled, received 518 ½ dollars on a balance of account & for service to the 30th of Sept. Took physic as I went to bed. 4 Laid out some works on Independence Hill. Page 79: 5 Major Butler brought in Capt. Fassit & his company, prisoners for deserting their post at Onion River. [Footnote 103: Major Butler: William Butler, Captain 2d Pennsylvania Battalion 5th January, 1776; Major 7th September, 1776; Lieut. Colonel 4th Pennsylvania 30th September, 1776.] [Footnote 104: Capt. Fassit: John Fassit, 1st Lieutenant Green Mountain Boys 27th July, 1775; 1st Lieutenant Warner's Additional Continental Regiment 5th July, 1776; Captain 16th September, 1776; cashiered 16th October, 1776.] [Footnote 105: Onion River: A river rising near Montpelier and flowing west into Lake Champlain.] About 80 of them were confined in the fort for trial. Joseph Wheeler Esqr came to lodge with me. Esqr Gilliland & Esqr McCaley keep with me. 6 I was very unwell, went abroad but little. 7 Genls. Gates & St Claire, Col. Trumball & Lewis dined with us. We received the account of about 1/4 of New York’s being burned. I bought 34 Gallons of Starling Madera wine brought from Albany for me at __ dollars per gallon; is of which we partook an agreeable glass & then we had a sociable dish of tea which closed the afternoon. 8 Made up an abstract for the payment of the artificers & received £1372 New York currency equal to 3431 1/8 dollars. Esq. Gilliland, McCalley & Watsons dined with me. It rained & was sloppy. 9 Paying off the workmen. A Court-Martial set for the trial of the Onion River prisoners. Genl. St Claire, Genl. Bricket & the Paymaster Genl. dined with me. After dinner we went over to the landing to Mr. Adams, drank tea. 10 Went to the mills & Col. Brewer’s encampment. Bought 34 gallons of wine; paid for it 106 1/4 dollars, forty-two pounds, ten shillings New York money. Bought a Cheeney [China?] bowl for 3 dollars, of Esq. Gilliland. Page 80: 11 Went over to Independence Point. Began to set up the pickets. All was well & without fear. Laying platforms in my redoubt. The small schooner came from the fleet for provision & sailed down again. We heard cannon. We were alarmed by the firing of many cannon. 13 This morning a messenger came from the fleet about ten o'clock with a letter from Genl. Arnold informing that he had, with his fleet, been engaged with the enemy’s fleet today; that we had lost a large schooner, run aground & burned by the enemy; a gondola stripped & sunk by our men in the Bay of Bellcour; our other shipping much damaged; & that we had about 60 men killed & wounded, but that we had got the better of the enemy, but our fleet were determined to retreat to Crown Point. We had this day frequent information that our fleet was in a shattered condition. About 3 o'clock our schooner came in sight. Soon after a sloop & then another schooner, & then the row galley & after a gondola, & they were followed by the inhabitants from Crown Point & from Panton. They were followed by Col. Hartly’s regiment, part by water & part by land, bringing all the horses, cattle & so forth. At sunset the enemy’s fleet, 13 sail, anchored off about four miles from Crown Point & made signal for landing. All the boats came up in order to take the men into the boats. When the last accounts left Page 81: Crown Point, all the buildings at & about Crown Point were burned by our people. Some of the inhabitants ran some 5, some 7 or 8 miles in the woods with women & children in the greatest distress, leaving all their household stough [stuff?], clothing &c to the enemy or to the flames, a melancholy sight that was seen at Ticonderoga, but we may expect a more melancholy scene tomorrow or soon. God prepare us for it & grant us a complete victory over our enemy. October the 12 & 13. Our fleet destroyed, only 5 out of 16 returned. 14 Mounting all the cannon we had carriages for & all the carpenters & smiths making new ones, our men repairing the works & making preparation to receive the enemy. At evening a Flag came from Crown Point with Genl. Waterbury & 106 prison[ers]. They are on their parole, not to take up arms in the present dispute, & to return when called for. The enemy had not landed when Genl. Waterbury came away at 10 o'clock. Mrs. Hay went for Albany with the baggage. 15 This day we heard nothing from the enemy. Capt. Rew came in through the woods with 16 men. [Footnote 106: Capt. Rew: John Rew, Regimental Quartermaster 6th Pennsylvania 7th December, 1777.] They left Genl. Waterbury just before he struck. Went into a bateau & went on shore. 16 I breakfasted with Genl. Bricket. One of our spies came in from Crown Point & says that the enemy Page 82: were encamped in Col. Hartley’s Fort & on Chimney Point, about 100 tents in all, & at sunset the enemy were landing & pitching their tents & that he saw a large party go out on the east side of the lake. He was informed that they were going up Otter Creek & to Skeensborough, & Carlton said he would be in possession of Ticonderoga before Sunday & on his way to Albany, where he was to have his winter quarters. Our men work with life & spirits this day, which shows a determined resolution to defend the place to the last extremity. The habitants of the lake went off to Skeensboro. In number, we had 15 tons of powder came into camp this day & a quantity of lead. 17 Mounting cannon, making carriages &c. Begun to make a log across the lake or chain to prevent the shipping coming past the Jersey redoubt. It rained. Commissioner came to this place from Congress. 18 A very rainy uncomfortable wet day. I visited all the works & redoubts & cut down part of the great bridge. 19 went to Mount Hope & to the mills. Dined with Genl. Gates &c afternoon went to Independence Point, we cleared all our guns, small arms & cannon, just at sunset. 20 Took the distance across the lake from the Jersey battery & at the Point. Dined with Genl. Bricket & Mr. E. Hitchcock, was out at the several works. Supped with Genl. Gates. Proposed making a bridge across to Independence Point. It was approved of by the Genl. Page 83: 21 I visited all the several works on this side, both in the forenoon & afternoon. In the forenoon 3 Indians that was taken with Genl. Waterbury came in. They say that 5 tribes of Indians are with the Canadian army & are many. The 3 Stockbridge Indians left the others at Putnam’s Creek last night. This evening, sun an hour high, 14 of the enemy’s birch canoes came in sight of 3- Mile Point, that alarmed the army on this side. The Commissioners set out for home. I sent 300 dollars by Mr. John Taylor, D. Commissary, to Elisha Avery, Esq., Commissary Genl. for to be sent to Mrs. Lucy Baldwin at Brookfield. 22 Dined with Genl. Gates. One man killed & 2 taken by the Indians between the mills & the landing. Began to put the boom together. 23 It is remarkable, the wind has been in the south, so that the enemy could not come with their vessels from Crown Point since they came there to fight us at this place. 24 Nothing material happened this day. 25 Finish the boom across & building a bridge. 26 The 2 prisoners taken the 22[nd] came in from Genl. Carlton. Capt. Ayres came in with 70 militia. 27 Nothing material has happened this day, only hear of great success at New York. 28 This morning I visited the workmen as usual, and came in to breakfast about 8. While I was at breakfast Page 84: the alarm guns was fired. About 9 o'clock 4 boats hove in sight at 3-Mile Point. One of the boats of the enemy sounded the channel within a mile of our battery. At 11 o'clock we gave them a few shot, made them haul off again. About 17 boats rowed about in sight till sun an hour high, & then they all went off. 3 regiments came over from Independence Point. The 2 regiments at the mills & at the landing was ordered in, but soon after were counter-ordered. 29 All was clear, no appearance of the enemy. Finished the bridge across the lake to Independence Point so that men could pass. 30 All was in peace. Capt. Dow & Mr. Adams dined with me. Visited my workmen as usual. 31 Nothing material happened. I dined with Col. Hartly, Col. Wayne, Dr. Canada & Dr. Johnson. [Footnote 107: Dr. Canada: Samuel Kennedy, Surgeon 4th Pennsylvania Battalion 24th February to 31st December, 1776.] [Footnote 108: Dr. Johnson: Robert Johnson, Surgeon to 6th Pennsylvania Battalion 9th January, 1776, to January, 1777.] Nov. 1 Col. Daton came in with his regulars & a deserter from Crown Point, & says that Carlton’s army consisted of 10,000, besides 800 Canadians & Indians, & that they were determined to drive us from Ticonderoga, & that we might expect them to make a vigorous push very soon. [Footnote 109: Col. Dayton: Elias Dayton, Colonel 3rd New Jersey 18th January, 1776; transferred to 2d New Jersey 1st January, 1781; Brigadier General Continental Army 7th January, 1783.] Our men were ordered to have 3 days provision ready-cooked and to lay on their arms ready. 2 The Committee from Congress came in. The Committee from Mass states came in. I went round all the works with the Committee & general officers this day. Page 85: 3 Drawing plans for the Continental States to send by the Committee. This evening a scout came in & reported that the army had left Crown Point. They went on board the fleet yesterday about 11 o'clock. One ship & a few others, boats, were in sight. 4 This day a confirmation was brought in that the enemy had left Crown Point. 5 Nothing material this day. Fair weather. 6 Making up payrolls for the artificers. 7 Raised a barrack on Independence Point. Lt. Evens went off to Canada with the flag commanded by Col. Wigglesworth. 8 Sent for Hay to Crown Point, fair weather. 9 Fair good weather for the season. 10 Raised 4 barracks on Independence Point. Col. Whitcomb with the officers of his regiment did me the honor to request me to take the command of that regiment. The Committee also gave me the offer of the regiment. Esq. Hill died. 11 Employed 2 men to cut flints. Getting tools for that purpose. Building chimneys & covering barracks. Nails came in, 20 casks. 12 Our men complained they could not work as they had no other kind of provision but beef. Flour came in afternoon. 13 Began to build me a house. Fine weather. Page 86: 14 Cold and snow. Raised smiths’ shops. 15 Col. deHaus marched for Albany & regiment. 16 Genl. St Clair marched with 5 regiments for Albany. Raised 2 barracks on Independence Point. Some ice on the lake. 17 Col. Wigglesworth returned from the enemy at Belcove & reports that he was treated with contempt & used by the officers. 18 Generals Gates, Arnold & Bricket left camp. 19 Col. Paterson, Wayne, Dr. Canada & several other officers dined with me. Col. Paterson marched off. 20 Col. Phinney’s regiment marched off to Albany. 200 men getting pickets, stoning my cellar &c. Settled with Mr. Yancy for the men. Raised my house at this place. “I, Simon Evins, Lieutenant, on half pay in the service of his Britannic Majesty, having been captivated by the army of the United States of America in Canada, an inhabitant whereof I then was, & the Honorable, the Congress of the said states, having resolved that the inhabitants of Canada captivated by the United States & not taken in arms be released & sent home (a new excepted) upon this condition that they sign a parole that they will not take up arms against the United States nor give intelligence to the enemies of said states, I do hereby agree & promise on the honor & faith of a gentleman Page 87: that I will faithfully comply with the condition in the resolve before mentioned, contained during the war between his Britannic Majesty & said states or until I am duly exchanged, or discharged, I being released from my captivity & having leave to return home to Canada. Witness my hand this 12[th] day of October 1776. Simon Evins. Copy.” 21 Over at Independence Point. I dined with Col. Wayne & Col. Wood. [Footnote 110: Col. Wood: Joseph Wood, Captain 2d Pennsylvania Battalion November, 1775; Major 4th January, 1776; Lieut. Colonel 29th July, 1776; Colonel 7th September, 1776; wounded at Lake Champlain 11th October, 1776; Colonel 3rd Pennsylvania Regiment January, 1777, to rank from 30th September, 1776.] 22 It rained in the morning. Unloading brick that came from Crown Point. 23 Went over to Independence Point. 24 Received 141.18/ lawful of Mr. Yancy for sauce. 25 Received 147.9.8 New York currency to pay the workmen with, that are going home. 26 Paying off the men. Capt. Romanes came. [Footnote 111: Capt. Romanes: Bernard Romanes, Captain Independent Pennsylvania Artillery Company 8th February, 1776.] 27 Drawing plans & writing letters to inform what will be necessary in my department next year for an army of 10,000 men. 28 Mrs. Hay came up. Esq. Gilliland went away. 29 Went over to Independence Point. 30 Settled with Mr. Yancy. Making up abstract. Dec. 1 Received £850-12-8 New York currency which I this day paid away to the officers Page 88: 2 Wrote to Samuel Adams, Esq. & made a return of tools & other necessaries wanted. The enemy came this afternoon to Crown Point, as Capt. Church reports, who saw them. [By a typographical error, there is no reference to Capt. Church, third line from the top, page 88. This should be Footnote 112. Capt. Church was Captain of the 4th Pennsylvania Battalion 5th January, 1776; Major September, 1777, to rank from March, 1777.] 3 In the forepart of this day we were preparing to receive the enemy but at evening the ship came up to Ti[conderoga] and brought potatoes & Indian corn from Onion River to sell; but it is only a bateau with 3 blankets & a bedtick for sail that loomed up at a distance, but it gave a great surprise to many. 4 Set out & went to Lake George landing. 5 Set out in the bateau at 6 o'clock. Called at the hunting ground by Sabbath Point, breakfasted & bought 2 quarters of venison for had a very cold voyage across the lake. Got into Fort George about x o'clock. Very cold. Lodged with Mr. Cams. The company: Major Stevens, Major Fraser, Dr. Canada, Capt. Cristy, Capt. Ayres, Mr. Yancy. [Footnote 113: Major Stevens: 1st Lieutenant Company of Rhode Island Artillery May, 1775; Captain of Knox's Regiment Continental Artillery 10th December, 1775; Major Independent Battalion of Artillery 9th November, 1776; Brevet Major Continental Army 27th May, 1777; his battalion annexed to 3rd Continental Artillery fall of 1778; Brevet Lieut. Colonel Continental Army 30th April, 1778, " in consideration of his services as commanding officer of Artillery in the Northern Department during two campaigns."] [Footnote 114: Major Fraser: Persifer Fraser, Captain 11th Pennsylvania Battalion 5th January, 1776; Major 3rd October, 1777, to rank from 24th September, 1776.] [Footnote 115: Capt. Cristy: John Christie, 1st Lieutenant 4th Pennsylvania Battalion 5th January, 1776; Captain 5th Pennsylvania 23rd October, 1776.] 6 Came from Fort George. Came down 8 M to Mr. ____. 7 Down to Hector McNeal’s. Supped & lodged. 8 To Genl. Schuyler’s & lodged at Stillwater. [Footnote 116: Stillwater: On the Hudson River.] 9 To Greenbush, Lodged at Lt. Col. Fishers. [Footnote 117: Lt. Col. Fisher: John Fisher, Captain 2nd New York 28th June, 1775; Major 3rd New York 8th March, 1776; Lieut. Colonel Nicholson's New York Regiment 21st June to November, 1776.] 10 To Albany. Heard the news of the battle with our army, but the report was false. 14 Received my wages to the last of December, 180 dollars. Page 89: Received at the same time 5000 dollars by Genl. Schuyler’s order to account for. 15 Writing orders to raise artificers. 16 Paid my sert [?] for express to Saratoga 24/. Left Albany at evening. The river froze over. 17 Set out from Greenbush, eastward. Paid expenses from Ti[conderoga] to Albany 39/. Paid at Albany & Greenbush 44/. Lodged at Kings near the pool. 18 Dined at Whites Lodged at Hartworth. 19 Dined at Blanford paid for expenses from Greenbush to this place 20/. Lodged at Major Day’s, W. Springfield. 20 Breakfasted at Rev. Mr. Brock’s at Springfield. Dined at Lt. Scott’s, Palmer & rode home. 21 Wrote to Capt. Thayer to enlist a company of carpenters 12/. A snowy day. 26 Paid Mr. Hall for the transport of baggage from Albany to Brookfield 88/0. Oliver How’s expenses from Albany to Brookfield 44/. Had the pleasure of being at Brookfield from the 21 of December, to the 6th of January. Jan. 6. 1777 Set out from Brookfield & rode to Westboro. Lodged at the Rev. Mr. Parkman’s. Was strongly invited to Breck’s wedding. 7 Rode to Cambridge, Lodged at Bradish’s. 8 Dined with Major Browns & then rode to Boston, waited on Genl. Ward. Page 90: 9 Major Chase & Major Brown dined with me at Moulton’s. [Footnote 118: Major Brown; Jacob Brown, Major 18th Continental Infantry, 1st January to 31st December, 1776.] 10 Dined with Genl. Ward. I paid Ezekiel Goldthwait 215. 10/ lawful. 11 Dined with Esq. Gouldthwait Esq. with a large company. Teams went to Ti [onderoga]. 12 Dined with Col. Gridley. 13 paid Samuel Cookson lawful money, 60. 5. 0. Paid Green & Cleverly for tools for the Continent. 91. 11. 0. Paid Mr. John Welsh 2 notes 23. 0. 8. Rode in the afternoon to Maldin, Lodged at Newell’s Tavern. 14 Dined at Manchester, Lodged at Cape Ann. 15 At the Harbor, dined at Mr. Coffin’s. 16 Went to Squam, dined & lodged at Mr. Person’s with Deacon Merrits. [Footnote 119: Squam: On Cape Ann, Massachusetts.] 17 Went over to Col. Coffins, dined. & lodged. 18 Went to the harbor, dined & lodged at Mr. Forbes. A valuable prize came in. 19 Went to Mr. Forbes Meeting, dined at Mr. Coffin’s & lodged. Supped with Capt. Prentice. 20 rode to Ipswich, dined with Mr. Smith, lodged at Mr. Noyse’s with Isaacat Byfield. 21 To Newburyport. Lodged at Greenleaf. Page 91: 22 Rode from Newburyport to Greenland. Lodged at Mr. Folsom’s. 23 To Portsmouth. Dined & lodged at Mr. Folsom’s. 24 It snowed & rained hard all day. 25 Rode to Newburyport, paid John Emery for 2000 lbs. steel, £300. 26 Went to Meeting. Dined with Col. Ingersol. Went to church in the afternoon. Supped & lodged at Mr. Alexander Hills. 27 Rode to Salem, lodged at Goodhew’s. 28 Rode to Boston. 29 Fast Day, went to Meeting. Paid Capt. John Harrington of the armourers 100 dollars to support his men to Albany. Paid 24 Dollars for a watch. 30 Paid Major Chase 126. 3. 6. Paid Mr. Stickney for carting steel 3. 2/. Paid Capt. Low [Footnote 120: Capt. Low: Jacob Low, Ensign of 8th Continental Infantry 1st January to 31st December, 1776; Captain of Baldwin's Artificer Regiment 16th December, 1776.] 130 dollars & paid Lt. Emerson 130 dollars. Supped with Capt. McNeal. 31 Breakfasted with Capt. McNeal. [Footnote 121: Capt. McNeal: Joseph McNiel, Captain of Wigglesworth's Regiment Massachusetts Militia in 1776.] Went to see his ship. Dined with Major Chase & set out west. Went to Concord, lodged with brother, Samuel Parkman. Feby. 1 To brother. William Parkman. Dined at Westboro, Rev. E Parkman’s. Lodged at Liceister, brother, A. Parkman. 2 Rode home to Brookfield, went to Meeting afternoon. Page 92: 3 At home. 4 At home. 5 At Home. Received a letter from Genl. Schuyler by Mr. Waite. 6 At home. Sent my chest off. 8 Left Brookfield, lodged at Palmer at Mr. Scott’s. 9 Rode to Westfield, dined at Mrs. Clap’s. To Blanford, lodged at Pease’s. [Footnote 122: Blanford: In southern part of western Massachusetts.] 10 To Tithingham, dined at Brewer’s. Lodged at Mansfield’s, Great Barrington. [Footnote 123: Tithingham: Probably Tyringham, Massachusetts.] [Footnote 124: Great Harrington: In southwestern Massachusetts.] 11 Rode to Canderhook, lodged at the Mills. [Footnote 125: Canderhook: Kinderhook, east side Hudson river, just above Hudson.] 12 To Albany, dined at Verner’s, waited on Genl. Schuyler and Col. Lewis. 13 Dined with Genl. Schuyler. Spent the afternoon and evening at his house with Col. Lewis, Mr. Schuyler & Mr. Yates, members of the Pro. Congress. 14 Sold my horse & saddle for 73 ½ dollars to Capt. Alexander, drank tea with Doctor Stringer. [Footnote 126: Capt. Alexander: Nathaniel Alexander, 2nd Lieutenant of Brewer's Massachusetts Regiment May to December, 1775; 1st Lieutenant 6th Continental Infantry 1st January, 1776; Captain 13th Massachusetts 13th November, 1776.] Spent the evening with Col. Hazen. Visited the hospitals. Received orders of Congress & Genl. Schuyler. 15 Breakfasted with Genl. Schuyler. Wrote to Major Varmonet & Capt. Marquize that their immediate presence is necessary in this town. 16 Major. Vermonet & Capt. Marquize came to. 17 18 19 At Albany. Page 93: 20 Sent off 2 sleighs to Ticonderoga. Settled accounts with the Commissioners. Received my chest &c wrote to Capts. Thayer, Harrington & Eaton. Mrs. Hay in town. Drank tea with Esq. Lewis & Mrs. Hay Major Stevens come in. 21 Breakfasted with Major Mason. Drank tea with Colonel Hazen. Major Hay come to town. 22 Settled my affairs & sent off my baggage & store sleighs & followed them in the afternoon myself. Rode to Stillwater, lodged at Bloodgood’s. 23 Sunday. Rode 15 miles to McNeal’s to breakfast, to Wing’s to dinner & lodged at Blacks L. George. 24 Set out at 8 o clock. Crossed 2 very bad cracks before we got off. Foxes on the island. Then I walked to the Narrows with one Frost & Major Stevens, where we sounded the depth of the water, 7 fathoms in one place &c. and the width of the channel is 280 yards between the two islands, then rode to Sabbath Day Point, where we made a good fire, fed our horses & eat some victuals & then rode of in a very great snowstorm, wind at N. W. got to Ti[conderoga] about 5 o clock. 25 Went over to Mount Independence, dined & supped with Col. Wayne. 26 Visited the workmen. Rode with Col. Wayne to Mount Independence & round to his house. Dined & afternoon Col. Wayne, Col. Vark rode with me to the landing. Drank wine &c. Requested of Col. Wayne that Page 94: men might be ordered to saw boards with whipsaws & that a large party might be ordered to cut timber for the great bridge &c. 27 Went to Mount Independence the forenoon; ordered the wicker gates to be hung and the gates barred. By a letter from Genl. Schuyler, says that a war with France is the cause of the English requesting peace of the Americans. Col. Wayne, Col. Varck & Col. Barber drank wine & supped with me. Major. Stevens dined with me. 28 Began to haul logs for the bridge. March 1 Began to build the great bridge, from Ticonderoga to Independence Point. 2 At work at the bridge. 3 at the bridge, Rode with Col. Wayne to the mills. 4 Rode with Col. Wayne up the Creek. 5 At the bridge. 6 At the Bridge. 7 At the Bridge. 8 Smiths came up. A fine day at the Bridge. Supped with Col. Wayne, 3 French engineers came. 9 Sunk 10 caissons & put down many of the posts. Col. Wayne, Mr. Adams & Lady, Dr. McCray & Mrs. Peters dined with us. [Footnote 127: Dr. McCray: Stephen McCrea, Surgeon 2nd New York 28th June, 1775, to January, 1776; Hospital Surgeon October, 1776.] 10 Getting down the caissons, the ice began to fail. 11 Worked at the bridge, rode up East Creek. 12 Drawed plans for hospital. Page 95: 13 Began to cut timber for hospitals, the sleighmen went off work. 14 The ice very rotten, left working at the bridge, went over the Mount. 15 The 3 French engineers went off. 16 Rode over to Mount Hope & through the woods & over the hills west. Drank tea at Mr. Adams with Col. Wayne, Major & Mrs. Hays, Dr. McCrea. Began the plan of the Fort on Mount Independence. 17 Drawing plan. Raised the roof of the blockhouse by headquarters. 18 went with Major Hay to the Mills in search of his 100 lbs. lost. Ephriam Potter confined. Cutting timber for the hospital. Went over to the Mount. 19 Received a letter from Genl. Schuyler & wrote an answer to him. 20 Capt. Low came in with 28 carpenters. 21 Putting the footbridge in order across the Lake. 22 Rode out to the mills & to Mr. Adams. At evening he came in after being four days with the enemy. He with 2 others were going to Sabbath Day Point with 13 Horses on the west side the lake & were taken by Capt. McCoy with about 18 Cocknewago Indians. About 3 o’clock afternoon, five miles north of Sabbath Day Point, soon after he was taken, Capt. Baldwin came along with about 25 men from Ticonderoga going to Fort George Page 96: on the ice. The Indians concealed themselves in the woods until about 3 o’clock at night. Capt. Baldwin with his men passed by to Sabbath Day Point, where they made a fire, lay down & went to sleep, when the Indians attacked them. Killed 4 & took 20, which they carried off, but Mr. Adams being well acquainted with Capt. McCoy, he pleading that he was only an inhabitant, did not belong to the army, obtained leave to return after marching 30 [miles]. 23 Capt. Eaton came in. Part of Col. Robison’s regiment went off. Capt. Thayer & Esq. Winslow dined with me. Sent a post to Albany. 24 Went to Mount Independence. By Capt. Peters we heard that 2 men were taken between Fort George & Fort Edward. A post went to Boston. 25 Dined with Col. Wayne. Cold. 26 One pier of the great bridge fell to pieces. 27 The bottom of another pier fell out. 28 Col. Wayne dined with us. 29 So cold that we could not work at the bridge. Getting timber for the hospital. 30 Went out to the landing with Mrs. Hay, Col. Wayne, Mr. Stone & Major Hay & drank tea with Mr. Adams. Dined with Col. Wayne. Pleasant day. 31 Finished getting timber for 4 hospitals. A warm day, wind at south. Ice fails fast. April 1 At work at the bridge. Raised the bake house. Page 97: 2 Wrote to Genl. Schuyler & sent a plan of a proposed fort to be built on Mount Independence, went with the Quartermaster Genl. & laid out a large garden at the foot of the Mount. Col. Wayne, Major Ryan & Dr. McCrae, Capt. McColey & Mrs. Adams dined with me. [Footnote 128: Maj. Rian: Michael Ryan, 2d Lieutenant 4th Pennsylvania Battalion 5th January, 1776; Regimental Adjutant 15th March, 1776; Brigade Major St. Clair's Brigade 17th September, 1776; to General Wayne 21st May, 1777, to 13th June, 1779.] A post went of to Philadelphia. 3 A snowy wet day Dined with Major Ryan. 4 Genl. Wayne, Col. Long, Col. Mooney dined with me. [Footnote 129: Col. Long: Peirce Long, Colonel New Hampshire Militia 1776 to 1778.] [Footnote 130: Col. Mooney: Hercules Mooney, Lieut. Colonel and Colonel New Hampshire Militia 1776 and 1777.] A cold day. 5 Went to the sawmills in the morning. To Mount Independence afternoon. Drank tea at Col. Longs with Genl. Wayne. 6 Capt. Whitcom went down the lake with 10 men & 3 carpenters. Capt. Nichols came in. [Footnote 131: Capt. Nichols: Francis Nichols, 2d Lieutenant of Thompson's Pennsylvania Rifle Battalion 25th June, 1775; taken prisoner at Quebec 31st December, 1775, exchanged 10th October, 1776; Captain 9th Pennsylvania 16th December, 1776, to rank from January 1, 1776.] Dined with a number of gentlemen & ladies at Col. Longs. Warm day. 7 Major Stevens came up from Boston. Went over to Mount Independence. Looked out a place to hoist the provisions out of the lake on to the Mount with a rope & blocks. Dined with Genl. Wayne. 8 At the bridge & among the workmen. 9 Dined at Col. Longs, & very warm day. 10 Went up East Creek with Genl. Wayne, Col. Long & Major Stevens, Mrs. Hay &c. 11 Mrs. Hays’ farewell dinner to a number of officers. 12 Got the boom across the lake. Col. Bassett [Footnote 132: Col. Basset: Barakiah Bassett, Lieut. Colonel 14th Massachusetts 19th November, 1776.] Page 98: went off for Willsboro with 96 men. [Footnote 133: Willsboro: On the west shore of Lake Champlain.] Went up to the sawmills with a number of officers. 13 This day part of Whitcomb’s scout returned, and inform that several parties of the enemy were out this way; that they were fired upon by 3 Indians, one of our men through his hat. The Indians ran off. Sent 2 bateaux down the lake with 40 men well armed to reinforce Col. Bassett & bring off Hay &c. The enemy frequently have passed from Cumberland Head, 4 Brothers & to Gilliland Creek seen by the inhabitants. A very rainy day. Genl. Wayne, Major Stevens, Major Ryan, Doctor McCrae & Doctor Stewart dined with us. 14 Rode to the landing with Mrs. Hay, Genl. Wayne, Col. Long, Major Hay & Esq. Winslow. Went to accompany her out of camp, going to Albany thinking it not safe to stay at this place as the lake is now open for the enemy, & our numbers inconsiderable by no means equal to a body to defend this place. Drank tea, punch & wine at Mr. Adams’s & live as gaily as if danger was at a distance. 15 Went to Mount Independence & over to the Scotchman’s with a number of officers. 16 Col. Basset returned last evening without, as it was strongly guarded by the enemy. 17 Went to the mills with Genl. Wayne & Col. Long, dined with Genl. Wayne. Rainy. Page 99: 18 4 of the enemy’s boats 10 miles below Crown Point discovered by the rangers. Col. Basset & 100 men went down the lake well armed. Mrs. Peters went down with her child. 19 4 Indians fired at by the sentry at the mills last night. At work at the bridge, blockhouses & laying platforms. Dined with Major Stevens. 20 Went to the mills & to Mount Independence. 21 One of the piers of the bridge turned over. 22 Went over Mount Prospect & down to the mills. Col. Bassett returned from Crown Point with 20 tons of hay & 2 load faciens & 2 small cannon left by the regulars last year. Dined with Genl. Wayne, Genl. Paterson & others. Col. Brewer came in with Col. Carlton. 23 Col. Marshall & Col. Francis came in. [Footnote 134: Col. Marshall: Thomas Marshall, Major 3rd Virginia 13th February, 1776; Lieut. Colonel 13th August, 1776; Colonel 21st February, 1777; resigned December 4th, 1777.] [Footnote 135: Col. Francis: Ebenezer Francis, Captain of Mansfield's Massachusetts Regiment May to December, 1775; Colonel 11th Massachusetts Regiment 6th November, 1776.] Went in the barge with Genl. Wayne, Genl. Paterson, Col. Long & Major Stevens up 3 miles towards Skeensboro after veal. Dined at Capt. Levensworth’s. [Footnote 136: Capt. Levenworth: Eli Levensworth, Captain 7th Connecticut 6th July to 10th December, 1775; Captain 19th Continental Infantry 1st January to 31st December, 1776; Captain 6th Connecticut 1st January, 1777.] 24 Raised the frame for the crane on the edge of the Mount for hoisting up whatever may be wanted on Independence. Dined at Col. Long’s with all the field officers. 25 The field & general officers dined at our house. Gen. Wayne ordered to the southward. One of Col. Marshall’s men had his hand blown off by his gun bursting. Dr. Johnson came up. Page 100: 26 All the field officers dined at Wallis’s Tavern & supped, the entertainment given. 27 Dined at Genl. Wayne’s. A very rainy day. 28 A field day. Dined at Genl. Wayne’s. A scout went down the lake. Went to the sawmills with the company. Drank tea, syllabub. &c. 29 Crossed the lake to Fort George with Genl. Wayne & Drs. Johnson & Ross. 30 Genl. Wayne left Fort George. May 1 A rainy day, wind at north. 2 At Fort George. Almost sick with the cold I got crossing the lake. I kept at headquarters with Col. Van Dyke. [Footnote 137: Col. Van Dyck: Captain 2d New York 28th June, 1775; Lieut. Colonel 1st New York 21st November, 1776.] Supped with the officers & doctors at the hospitals. 3 Set off with Dr. Johnson about 8 o'clock this morning, had the wind ahead. Stopped at Fox or 14-Mile Island & at 18-Mile Island. High wind tarried until about sunset when the wind abated. We set off again & got up to the landing a little before sunrise. Discovered Indian fires on the mountains below Rogers’s Rock. [Footnote 138: Rogers Rock: On west side Lake George at the north end of Lake.] I almost sick with a cold. 4 Returned to Ticonderoga, was bled in the arm. Genl. Paterson, Col. Long, Marshal & Francis dined with us. 5 Laid out the ground for the hospital, field day. Afternoon I was better. Page 101: 6 Went to the mills with Genl. Paterson. A blockhouse ordered to be built near the north mill on the hill. Capt. Whitcom discovered 16 Indians 4 miles S. W. of the mills. 7 A wet day. Genl. Paterson, Col. Francis, Doctor Stoddard & Capt. Raymond dined with me. 8 A rainy day. Heard of Indians on the lake. 9 Laid out & began a redoubt between the French lines & the old fort on high ground. 10 Carpenters left work at the bridge & went to driving a frieze round the front of the French lines. A scout went down the L[ake]. 11 Began the redoubt on the hill at the French lines. 13 Tories brought in. 12 Examining the Tories. Dr. Potts, Col. Kosiosko & Col. Wilkinson came in. 2 Tories brought in. [Footnote 139: Col. Kosiosko: Tadeusz Kosciusko (Kosiosko), a Polish patriot, born in Lithuania in 1746; came to this country with the French fleet in 1777, and fought for the colonies, becoming a Major General. He died October 15, 1817.] [Footnote 140: Col. Wilkison: James Wilkison, served as volunteer in Thompson's Pennsylvania Rifle Battalion 9th September, 1775, to March, 1776; Captain 2d Continental Infantry March, 1776, to rank from 9th September, 1775; served on staff of General Greene November, 1775, to April, 1776; aide-de-camp to Genl. Arnold 2d June to 17th July, 1776; Brigade Major 20th July, 1776, and on the staff of General Gates from December 13th, 1776; Lieut. Colonel Hartley's Additional Continental Regiment 12th January, 1777.] 13 Examining 15 Tories that were taken in arms near Otter Creek below Crown Point; viz. Simpson, Jenny, Benjamin Cole, Edward Simmons, John Hart, Samuel Philips, Nathaniel Corbin, Aaron Cole, Jr., Joseph West, Wm. West, Aaron Cole Sr., David Cole, John Philips, John Martyn; all of and belonging to the New Hampshire grants. After a long cross examining, 6 of them acknowledged their whole plot & informed of 12 others that were knowing to & advising them to go to St. Johns to join the regular army. Dr. Potts & Col. Page 102: Kosiosko lodge with us. Dined at Genl. Paterson’s. Went to the Mills. 14 Viewed the lines at work on the redoubts. A fine day. We heard that the naval store & provision magazine at St. Johns were lately burned. If this be true, we shall not soon be attack. Heaven fights for us to prevent our destruction. Genl. Paterson with a number of gentlemen dined with me. 15 Went round the lines with Lt. Col. Kosiosko. Col. Hay went to Skeensboro. 16 wrote to Genl. Gates & Col. Stewart. Genl. Paterson, Cols. Francis, Wilkins, Kosiosko & Major Hull supped with me. [Footnote 141: Maj. Hull: William Hull, Captain 3rd Massachusetts 6th July to December, 1775; Captain 19th Continental Infantry 1st January to 31st December, 1776; Major 8th Massachusetts 1st January, 1777.] Dined with Major Stevens, was round the works. Col. Bellows came in with the militia. Drawing plans of the hospital & the works at Fort George & sent them down to Genl. Gates. Rainy day. 17 Went round to the works on this side and on Mount Independence. Dined with Dr. Potts. A showery day. 18 This morning Capt. Stone brought in 2 prisoners both belonging to the New Hampshire grants, one of them late from Canada, & confirms the account of the general house & a store being burned & that the enemy are building one 20-gun ship at St. Johns. Col. Hay came home. 19 Raised the flagstaff on Mount Independence. Page 103: 20 Genl. Poor came in with 600 men. 21 Went round the work with Genl. Poor. 22 A large fatigue party at the French lines. Dined with Doctor Potts & the gentlemen. 23 At the works on the French lines & at Mt. Independence. Genl. Paterson & Col. Kosiosko went to Skeensboro. Major Ayres came in. 24 Major Ayres & Capt. Wilcott joined my works as Assistant Engineers. [Footnote 142: Capt. Wilcott: Jarius Wilcox, was 1st Lieutenant Baldwin's Regiment 1st January, 1777.] Genl. Poor rode with me to the mills. Coll. Marshall, Dr. Stoddard & Major Ayres dined with me. A fine pleasant day. 25 The boom & bridge in a heavy gale of wind gave way, & with some difficulty they were brought back to place. 26 On Mount Independence a good part of this day. Esq. Winslow viewed my account. I bought a horse for 110 Dollars. 27 Raised the hospital north side, & a store. Dined with doctor Johnson. 28 A scout returned from Split Rock (Lt. Liford) & says that the enemy was there with two vessels, 7 gunboats & about 40 bateaux. [Footnote 143: Lt. Liford: Thomas Liford, 2d Lieutenant 2d New Hampshire 27th May to December, 1775; 1st Lieutenant 8th Continental Infantry 1st January, 1776; 1st Lieutenant Whitcomb's New Hampshire Rangers 4th November, 1776, to December, 1779.] Expresses were sent immediately to Albany to Berkshire & to No. 4, & Capt. Whitcomb down the lake to watch the motions of the enemy. Began another redoubt on the high ground N. W. from the fort in the rear of the French lines. 29 Work at the bridge anchoring of the boom & getting logs for it. Laid out a redoubt to the left Page 104: between the old fort & French lines. Part of Capt. Whitcomb’s scout came in & inform that the enemy fired yesterday about 80 cannon, besides a number of volleys of small arms at & near the Split Rock. 30 Received 9,000 dollars, paid off my workmen. Had 10 cannon come from Lake George. Mrs. Tucker kept at our house, came from Skeensboro. At evening Capt. Whitcom came in & reports that the enemy was gone back from Split Rock down the lake. 31 Rode to the mills & round to the workmen. In the afternoon to Mt. Independence. June 1 Rode to the landing & paying off my workmen. Wrote to Genl. Gates. 2 Dined with the surgeons on the Mount. 3 Agreed for 20 brickmakers & 16 masons & 40 shingle makers. 4 Paying off my workmen, brickmakers began to work. Lt. Emerson discharged. 5 Rode to the mills & to the landing with Genl. Paterson, Col. Long & Hay. 6 Col. Kosiusko came up from Albany. 7 Rode over Mount Independence. Laid out long lines between the redoubts that I hope will never will be finished as they are staked now. 8 Went round among the workmen in the morning & to Crown Point with Genl. Paterson, Col. Kosiusko, Dr. Page 105: Craig & Doctor Major Armstrong & 30 men measured the width across to Chimney Point 400 yards & the channel in the deepest place 56 feet water for about 100 yards wide & then grows shallower gradually on both sides. [Footnote 144: Maj. Armstrong: John Armstrong, served as volunteer in the Canada expedition to Quebec, 1775; Major and aide-de-camp to General Mercer to 3rd January, 1777.] 9 Came home in the morning dined with the doctors at the hospital. 10 Went to the hospital forenoon. Dined with Genl. Paterson & a large company of officers at Genl. Poor’s headquarters. 11 Rode to the mills & over to the Mount. 12 Genl. St. Claire came in. 2 prisoners brought in from Canada. They say the enemy will in fact be here in about a fortnight, 10,000 Strong. 13 Went round the works with Genl. St. Claire. It rained hard the most of the day. 14 Went with Genl. St. Claire over & round Mount Independence. Moved the floating bridge to the lower side of the piers. In the afternoon went with Col. Kosiusko to advise what works had best be done on the Mount. Drank coffee with the Genl. 15 Ordered to Skeensboro to order the works repaired at that place. Went up in company with Capt. Fisher & Mrs. Tucker. Lodged with Capt. Lonson. 16 Laid out the lines for a new fort, the old one all to be taken down. Lodged at Governor Skeens seat. Page 106: 17 Began the work of the new fort. Dined with Mrs. Tucker, Capt. Lonson, Capt. Fisher and the chaplain of Col. Warner’s regiment. Mr. Allen went into the public fields. 18 Left Skeensboro at 8 o'clock morning. Dined at Halfway Spring. Wind ahead. Stopped at 6-Mile Point, met the schooner & gondola going up to Skeensboro. Heard that the Indians had taken 2 of our people & killed four others & wounded three more. The 2 first taken & 2 killed were between the French lines & the bridge. Yesterday, two more killed & 3 wounded about halfway to Crown Point, a party of rangers. 19 Genl. Schuyler came in. this morning breakfasted with the Genl. Capt. Whitcom came in & brought an Indian scalp, saw where 2 others had been hauled away after they were killed. 20 A scout returned from Crown Point. They discovered near 5-Mile Point the tracks of about 30 of the enemy & saw 2 Indians which they fired at but they being at too great a distance they made their escape. Began the works at 3 places on Mt. Independence. I dined with a large Company at the hospital. 21 Went over the Mount & round the works with Genl. Schuyler & St. Claire & moved some cannon from Ti[conderoga] to the Mount south wharf. The general officers & a number of others dined with us. Page 107: 22 Genl. Schuyler went off for Fort George. Afternoon, I rode to the landing. Drank tea with Mrs. Adams. 23 Dined with Genl. Poor. Went onto the Mount with Genl. St. Claire, proposed to make a laboratory of the old hospital. A scout came in from Onion River & says that the enemy are encamped at Gilliland’s in a great number of tents. The Indians very thick, they took one of his party; & the rest but just made their escape, & that the enemy would soon be at Ti[conderoga] with their army & 9 vessels, besides gunboats bateaux &c. &c. 24 The regulars came to Crown Point. 25 The artificers passed muster. Alarmed with Indians. 26 One man killed & another scalped by the Indians between the mills & the landing. Paid 103. 14. 3 for wine, sugar, cheese, coffee & chocolate. Worked at the bridge & breastworks. 27 Laying platforms on the batteries on the S. E. side the Mount & driving piles across the E[ast] creek, carrying stores over to the Mount. 28 The enemy encamped at Putnam’s Point & 4 vessels on this side. 3 men came in & report that by information from one of the inhabitants the enemy are 8000 regulars, 1500 Canadians & Indians, that they had near a 1000 tents pitched. By another person from Otter Page 108: Creek that 500 are gone up that way & was last night within 8 miles of Rutland, where we have a considerable store belonging to N[ew] H[ampshire?] 29 A large quantity of provision brought from the landing Lake George. Left only about 25 barrels of peas & flour there. Moving our magazines to the Mount. 30 Early in the morning the enemy appeared at 3-mile point with 18 gunboats & a few other boats landing about 300 men that marched up to the mills, to the bridge & in front of the breastwork, but were soon drove back. This afternoon two large ships appeared, one 20-guns & the other a 16-gun ship & 2 tenders. They warped up in a line with the boats across the lake from 3-Mile Point & made a formidable appearance. July 1 A reinforcement came to the enemy, about 41 bateaux, & landed on the east side, where they encamped, & the enemy encamped. This day at 3-Mile Point landed their artillery & throwing up works on both sides. A considerable firing at the mills, but no mischief done. This morning 2 expresses came across Lake George with good news from G. Washington, that the enemy was flying, on which account we had a Fue de Joi [in which guns are fired off in joy to raise the morale of the men]. At 12 o’clock fired 13 cannon &c. 2 A large reinforcement came to the enemy, about 1 o’clock they attacked our lines after driving in our piquet of which they killed one Lieut, of Warner’s, 4 privates & Page 109: wounded 11 others. The enemy’s loss not known. This morning the blockhouse & mill burned and the party got in safe. The enemy all round us & very bold firing away. 3 The enemy throwing up one battery in front of the French lines. A move in front of the Jersey battery across the water & very peaceable all day. Took down the blockhouse on the Mount & began a magazine. Col. Bellows came in with 800 men & 80 head of cattle, besides sheep, a fine reinforcement at this time when we are surrounded by our enemy, which I pray God may be scattered. [Footnote 145: Col. Bellows: Benjamin Bellows, Colonel New Hampshire Militia in 1777 and 1778.] 4 Putting up the blockhouse, moving some cannon, laying platforms & preparing for the siege. The enemy numerous & bold. 5 The enemy appeared on the Mount above on the S. W., opening a battery, a large ship came up. A high wind at north. The enemy made a disposition of an attack but were prevented by the high wind or from some other motive, but now appeared to be in readiness to open their batteries. About 10 o’clock at night, a speedy retreat was ordered and the main body of the army got off from Ti [conderoga] & Mount Independence a little before sunrise followed by the enemy, but did but little damage. 6 Marched through the woods to Castleton, dined at Shermon’s, Hobbleton. [Footnote 146: Castleton: In western part of Vermont.] Lodged at Castleton where the enemy had killed Capt. Williams. We took 8 prisoners out Page 110: of a party of 500 Canadians and regulars & about 40 cattle. 7 In the morning a heavy fire in the rear for some time, near an hour a heavy battle, but as the rear consisted of the feeble part of the army they, after an obstinate resistance were obliged to give way to superior numbers. The body of the army marched to Rutland. Dined at Col. Meeds’ where we were joined by a number of Col. Warner’s men & those that had been in action. Just at night we marched to a very woody place; the inhabitants gone. 8 Very rainy afternoon and night. 9 Marched between the mountains to Arthington. Left Col. Warner at Manchester. 10 Marched 20 miles to Bro. 11 Had men died on the road. We lodged near Saratoga. A very wet afternoon & night. Many of our men lay in the woods without fire or covering. Many sick. 12 Went to Fort Edward. Genl. Nixon with his brigade came to Fort Edward. [Footnote 147: Genl. Nixon: John Nixon, Captain of Company Minute Men at Lexington; Colonel of Massachusetts Regiment 19 May to December, 1775; Colonel 4th Continental Infantry 1st January, 1776; Brigadier General Continental Army 9th August, 1776.] The artificers ordered to Saratoga. I lost all my baggage at Skeensboro with my papers with 6491 dollars of public money & left destitute of a second shirt, stockings or breeches to change my linen. The long & fatiguing march of 110 miles through the woods has brought me very dirty & uncomfortable. Page 111: All the artillery, stores & provisions & baggage of all kinds lost. 13 Rode to Moses Creek & round through the woods with the general officers. Returned to Fort Edward. 14 Received 5000 dollars at Fort Edward. Went to Saratoga to direct the workmen in mounting the cannon, got the carpenters & smiths to work, with as great expedition as possible. Dined at McNeal’s the 15th. 15 With the workmen getting tools. Lodged at Mr. Nifls. Lt. Hitchings went to Albany for armorers tools to go to Fort Miller. [Footnote 148: Lieut. Hitchings: William Hutchings, Ensign 4th Continental Infantry 1st January to 31st December, 1776; 2nd Lieutenant 1st New Hampshire 8th November, 1776; 1st Lieutenant 5th March, 1778; re- signed 2nd June, 1779.] 16 At Saratoga with the workmen. Fort George evacuated. 17 Went to Fort Miller. Genl. Schuyler, St Claire & others came to Saratoga. 18 They went back to Fort Edward. 19 Making carriages, wheels &c. 6 pair of bellows came from Albany with Lt. Hitchings. Genl. Fellows went down. [Footnote 149: Genl. Fellows: John Fellows, Colonel Massachusetts Regiment May to December, 1775; Brigadier General Massachusetts Militia 1776 to 1780.] 20 At home all day. 21 Went to McNeal’s, sent to Boston for a number of articles. The one 1/2 of the Albany militia sent home. Began the smiths’ shops. By the generals, bought 61bs of loafsugar for 9 dollars & 20 8/4 lbs. of cheese for 10 3/4 dollars & one 1/4. 22 With the workmen in the forenoon. Dined with Page 112: Dr. McCrea at Mr. Lansing’s. Afternoon, I rode to Fort Miller & Moses Creek & back to Saratoga. The artillery came down by order to Saratoga. Col. Brown went to Genl. Schuyler with advice of an attack at Fort Stanwix. [Footnote 150: Fort Stanwix: Albany, New York] Genl. Arnold went up to Fort Edward. Blazing hot with death in the pot. 23 Fort Edward evacuated & destroyed by our peoples & retired to Moses Creek, yesterday a skirmish happened between Genl. Nixon’s piquet & a party of the enemy in which we had 5 men killed & 8 men wounded. Col. Nixon's horse shot under him. The corps of artillery came down to Saratoga with the powder. 24 Raised a smith’s shop at Saratoga. Two men, one Lieut. & a private killed of Genl. Lerned’s brigade. Many families moving. 25 With the workmen at Saratoga. 26 Received orders to march with 30 carpenters to headquarters, Moses Creek. 4 men & one woman killed near Fort Edward & cut to pieces in a most inhuman manner. 27 Went to Moses Creek with Capt. Low’s carpenters, crossed the river to the W side. Went back to Saratoga at evening. 28 Went up to Moses Creek in the morning. Genl. Learnard & Genl. Innbrook retreated back to camp. One man killed & scalped by 2 Indians within 20 rods of the guard. Page 113: 29 Rode with the generals to the several encampments. 2 men killed at Fort Miller. One of Col. Nixon’s sentries killed. Heard that the enemy arrived yesterday at Fort George with 27 boats & a large sail coming up by the narrows. 30 Went to Fort Miller with the army. The enemy crossed the river to the west side, 300, & attack the rear of our army; killed one soldier, wounded one Lt. Mortally, & 4 privates were wounded. The loss on the enemy’s side not known but supposed to be 10 killed. August 1 Getting down rafts of boards &c. &c. The enemy appeared in several places, lurking Indians. They killed 3 men, scalped two in sight of camp on the east side the river. 2 Genl. Glover & Col. Wigglesworth came up. [Footnote 151: Col. Wigglesworth: Edward Wigglesworth, Colonel Massachusetts Militia 1776; Colonel 13th Massachusetts 1st January, 1777.] Sent off most of the cannon &c. 3 Had several men killed (5) & wounded (7), & one man scalped, 2 officers & 6 soldiers taken. Took a prisoner. Retreated at 6 o’clock afternoon with all our stores & baggage, cut away & burned 9 large bridges. 2 Tories taken with Genl. Burgoyne’s pass from Skeensboro & back. 4 Getting up stores, mounting cannon & getting smiths to work. A very rainy day. Got into Stillwater 10 o’clock in the morning. Cut & burned 4 large bridges on the road this morning as we came in. 5 All the carpenters at work getting up the stores. Page 114: 6 All the smiths at work at 13 fires. Moving of baggage & stores to Half Moon. Sick sent off to Albany. 7 Sent off 80 barrels of powder (weight is 10-ton) to Albany. Genl. Schuyler went to treat with the Indians at Albany. Col. Long’s regiment marched off to Albany for discharge. 8 A major & 2 boys taken. Major Van Varter killed, one man killed, a captain wounded, one Indian killed & scalped by our scout, sent off the heavy pieces of cannon to Half Moon with other stores. 9 The artificers went with their tools & baggage to Albany. Oliver went with my wagon to Half Moon. 10 Genl. Schuyler & St. Claire ordered to Congress. The sick all sent off getting the stores to 6-Mile Point. By a deserter & a prisoner we hear that the main body of the enemy are at Fort Edward & their flying camp at Fort Miller & are to move to Saratoga next Wednesday. 7 Tories taken. 11 News of Fort Stanwix being invested & a severe battle fought 6 miles below. Genl. Harriman wounded & 14 field officers killed & wounded on our side. The enemy loss 50 Indians killed & left on the field with 100 others of the enemy. Genl. Harriman recovered the field, buried the dead brought of the wounded & retired back. 12 Genl. Learnard marched with 3 regiments, viz. Baily’s, Van Shoiks & Jackson’s for Fort Stanwix. Genl. St. Claire Page 115: left Camp for Philadelphia, Genl. Lincoln came to camp from the Grants. [Footnote 152: Genl. Lincoln: Benjamin Lincoln, Major General Continental Army 19th February, 1777; wounded at Saratoga 7th October, 1777. Resolutions of thanks passed by Congress to Major General Gates and Major Generals Lincoln and Arnold.] 13 The heaviest part of the stores carried off. Genl. Arnold went off for Fort Stanwix. 14 Genl. Schuyler with Genl. Glover’s brigade marched for Half Moon. At 2 o clock P. M. a scout came in & reported that the enemy was advancing within 6 miles, mending bridges &c. Also heard that 1500 of the enemy was marched for Cambridge in the Grants. Genl. Lincoln set out for the grants. A very hot day. Lent Col. Hay 650 dollars. 15 Went with the army to 6-Miles Point. Lodged at Abram Fort’s House. 16 This morning I was ordered up to Stillwater with 280 men to burn the boards left cut & burn the bridges & break up the roads. After we had got the teams loaded with some stores &c. that had been left, at Stillwater about 1 o’clock, we discovered 2 men with packs crossing the river from the upper to the lower island. A sergeant & 6 men went over to discover who they were. One of the men returned & said there was a considerable number encamped on the island. I immediately sent 50 men well armed onto the island to take the party, & bring them off, while the rest of the body lay on their arms ready to assist if necessary. In about one hour some of my party of 50 returned with 4 men, several women & children Page 116: in a canoe they had picked up, (for they waded across the river to get onto the island). The whole party of Tories taken on the island is 4 men, 7 women & 17 children, 28 in all. It took 3 hours to get them all over with their baggage, as the water was wide & run swift, which all came safe into camp, after executing the orders I was sent upon. Those Tories are persons of wealth, inhabitants of Stillwater who had secreted there household stough [stuff], clothing & movables in the woods & then went onto this desolate island that was thick wooded where they designed to remain till our army was moved down & then they would return home under the protection of Burgoyne. These Tories are: John Jeffers, his wife & 3 small children 5 Benjamin Burrows, his wife & four children 6 John Vice, his wife & four children 6 Thomas Jeffers Jun. & wife & four children 6 Mrs. Mageer & one child 2 one Negro woman & 2 children of Jeffers 3, in all 28 17 It rained in the morning. Heard that the famous Capt. Butler with 28 men were taken by our army at the Mohawk River. All our heavy stores moved down to the island. 18 I marched with Genl. Poor’s brigade. Crossed Page 117: the Mohawk River at Lowden’s ferry, afternoon dined in the woods on fried chickens, cold beef &c. We encamped the brigade near Mr. Canoots. 19 Rode up the river to the ferries & several fords across the river, below. Dined with Genl. Poor. Afternoon rode to Van Schoik’s Island headquarters. Lodged at New City, Dr. Bartlett’s. Had the account of the victory gained by Genl. Stark’s near Bennington: 936 killed & taken. Genl. Gates came to camp this evening. 20 Rode to Albany, dined with Mrs. Hay & afternoon rode to Genl. Poor’s camp above the Cohoes, lodged & breakfasted. Genl. Schuyler left camp this morning. 21 Rode with Genl. Poor & Col. Wilkison to headquarters, Van Schoik’s Island. 22 At Van Schoik’s Island getting the smiths to work. 60 carpenters sent for. Governor Clinton with 1500 militia came to camp. [Footnote 153: Gov. Clinton: Sir Henry Clinton, born about the year 1738; he came to America in 1775 and fought at Bunker Hill; was knighted for his services under General Howe. After Burgoyne's surrender in 1778, Clinton succeeded Howe as Commander-in-Chief. He resigned his commission and returned to England in 1781 and died at Gibraltar in 1795.] Col. Brewer came from Bennington with 45 Tories taken in battle. 23 The carpenters of Capt. Thayer’s & Low’s companies came up from Albany. Col. Courtland’s & Col. Livingston’s regiment marched for Fort Stanwix. 24 A number of Tories taken & brought to camp & sent to Albany & down the country. 4 deserters (Hessians) came to camp by the way of Bennington. Just at evening Capt. Goodell of Brookfield brought in 4 prisoners that he had taken, (with his small party of 6 men), at Saratoga, where the enemy have a camp of about 1500 on the east of the river & have sent a large party to Fort Stanwix. [Footnote 154: Capt. Goodell: Nathan Goodale, Lieutenant of Brewer's Regiment May to December, 1776; 1st Lieutenant 13th Continental Infantry 1st January to 31st December, 1776; Captain 5th Massachusetts 1st January, 1777; taken prisoner 30th August, 1778, exchanged 9th October, 1780.] 26 Went to Albany. 27 At Albany, got cloth for a suit of clothes out of the store. I left my accounts with the Commissioners. 28 Went up to camp, Van Schoik’s Isle. Troops came up from Connecticut. 29 Set 20 men making coal on the Isle. 30 Rode with Generals Gates, Arnold & Paterson to dine with Genl. Poor. 31 In Camp. A day of ease. Sept. 1 Genl. Lincoln came to camp with Genl. Palmer & Doctor Taylor. A flag of truce came this evening from Genl. Burgoyne with a letter for Genl. Gates & another letter to Genl. Gates from Genl. Frazier. Several prisoners brought into camp. 2 Rode up to Genl. Poor’s Camp, dined with him in company with a Committee from New Hampshire & then to camp & then to Albany. Supped & lodged with Dr. Potts. Left my watch to be cleaned with Mr. Abbot. Sent a tick to Mrs. Hay. No. 58 m 255, No. 55. 107. 3 In camp. 4 In camp. Rode round the Island. Went to Albany at evening. Lodged. 5 Went up to camp after buying 400 boards. Page 119: 6 At camp. Went up to the Cohoes to the mills, got 6 loads plank of Mr. Lansing. 7 In camp all day. A new suit of clothes brought me. Loaded my wagons for a march, 20 wagons with tools & baggage. 8 Marched with the whole body of the army to the mills. The front at Dow Fonday’s. 9 Marched in the front with the carpenters & pioneers, Col. Morgan’s riflemen. [Footnote 155: Col. Morgan: Daniel Morgan, Captain of Company of Virginia Riflemen July, 1775; taken prisoner at Quebec 31st December, 1775; Colonel 11th Virginia 12th November, 1776.] The advanced party & flanks got to Stillwater about 12 o’clock & at 2 o’clock began a bridge across the river. Afternoon, a flag came in with a doctor from Burgoyne to visit the wounded Hessians & regulars at Bennington. A prisoner sent home. 10 A wagon came with the baggage of the prisoners & 3 servants to those taken at Bennington & went on. 11 Making bridges & cutting crossroads to advance in columns. Orders for a march. 12 Struck tents at gun-firing & marched the whole army before sunrise. Encamped upon the high ground above Bemis's, 3 miles from Stillwater. 800 of Genl. Stark’s crossed the river to Stillwater & encamped there. 13 5 prisoners taken at Saratoga, they say that Burgoyne marches to meet us this day with his whole army collected, & that Genl. Lincoln is at Skeensborough. 14 Genl. Starks came to camp from Bennington, The enemy crossed the river at Saratoga. Page 120: 15 The enemy advanced to Van Varter’s Hill. 16 4 prisoners brought in Capt. Lane & Capt. came in with a flag. 17 The people work with high spirits. Dined with Doctor Potts & Genl. Gates &c. Lent Genl. Gates 40 dollars for a French Capt. going to Cohoes yesterday. 18 Genl. Arnold marched out to meet Genl. Burgoyne in the woods, but no action happened. 19 About one o’clock, our left piquet fell in with a large party of the enemy’s light troop, a heavy fire lasted 3/4 over an hour, both parties was strongly reinforced. At last we drove the enemy above a mile took a number of prisoners & their wounded, which were brought in. About 1/2 after 3 o’clock we discovered the enemy marching up in heavy columns against our left wing. Several regiments was immediately ordered to meet them. A heavy fire soon began and lasted without intermission until half an hour after sunset. Our army several times drove the enemy & once took a field-piece. For want of ammunition it was lost. Many killed & wounded on both sides. Among the dead is Lt. Col. Coburn & Lt. Col. Adams, two very brave officers. 20 This morning 112 Indians came to camp. The enemy keep the field of battle so that we did not attempt to bury our dead. 21 It was reported that the enemy was approaching to attack us & then soon after that they were retreating Page 121: but neither proved true. Received the news of Col. Brown’s being at Ti [conderoga], fired 13 cannon & gave a general ‘Hooray’ through all our camp. 2 Tory prisoners taken by the Indians. 22 Genl. Lincoln came to camp. 2 British soldiers taken & one scalped by the Indians. Genl. Gates gave 20 dollars for each prisoner, but would give nothing for the scalp. A wet day; I, sick with a bad cold. The prisoners just brought in say that they lost, in the action of the 19th, 700 men. 23 The camp alarmed. All hands at work, 10 prisoners brought in & some deserters. 24 All the baggage loaded in the morning and sent off in consequence of intelligence that Burgoyne would attack us this day at 10 o’clock. A considerable number of n militia came in & Genl. Lincoln came in with 1680 men at night. By the returns there was in the action of the 19[th] killed: Lt. Col. Capts. Subs S. C. D. Privates 2 3 2 3 0 2 51 Wound 0 6 15 13 0 1 182 missing 0 1 1 7 0 0 29 262 56 318 Page 122: 25 This morning we took one prisoner & killed 8 of the enemy’s picket. 26 Took 16 prisoners in several parties & 2 scalps, that the Indians brought in. 30 Indians went off this day. 27 This morning one of our prisoners deserted from the enemy & a prisoner brought to camp. The greatest part of the Indians went off home. 28 Took 2 scalps & 11 prisoners & deserters. 29 The Brookfield Volunteers came up. 30 Made a raft on bateaux to carry our wagons across the river. October 1 Went to view the enemy’s camp & reconnoiter their lines & guards. Col. Brown came from Ti[conderoga] & Lake George where he had taken 315 British prisoners, including 15 officers, 5 of which were captains, & retook 110 of our prisoners. Destroyed 200 bateaux, 17 armed gondolas & one sloop, mounting carriage guns, & destroyed a number of carriages & cannon & brought off 10,000£ value in plunder. 2 Three prisoners taken & three Hessian deserters came in from the enemy. Took 7 horses from the enemy & at evening, 24 prisoners brought in from the east side the river, & a captain 2 subalterns & 10 men & 40 horses & cattle brought in on the west side the river taken at Saratoga. Bought a horse & a mare. 3 Four Hessian deserters came to us with there arms Page 123: & acoters [accoutrements?]. Took 4 horses from the enemy & a yoke of oxen. The prisoners went to Albany. 4 2 British soldiers deserted to us. We were alarmed by the enemy’s crossing the river with their wagon &c. aforaging. They soon returned. 5 This day 14 prisoners & deserters brought to our camp & 7 horses, oxen, cattle & sheep about 30, & 16 swine. 6 Prepared 5 bateaux for fire rafts. 7 Went to Albany with Dr. Potts. At one o’clock, the enemy came out against our left picket. We met them in the woods & drove them into their lines & from some of their works, took six 6-pounders & two 12-pounders, all brass & their implements, tents, kettles, baggage wagons, ammunition &c, with 200 officers & soldiers taken prisoners. Our loss: Genl. Arnold wounded in the leg, Major Lithgow wounded in the arm & many others killed & wounded. [Footnote 156: Major Lithgow: William Lithgow, Major 11th Massachusetts 1st January, 1777.] 8 Went to camp before noon. A firing upon the enemy. 24 Hessians came to us. 189 prisoners sent to Albany. 9 A very wet day. Out a-making bridges. The enemy left their camp at gunfire & marched. I went with Genl. Nixon to their camp, found they had left sick, wounded & nurses. Took 2 ammunition wagons, one case of medicine. Found a number of the enemy’s horses dead on the road & their baggage left. Page 124: 10 Marched to Saratoga with the army. Took a large quantity of provisions & a consider[able] number of prisoners &c. 11 Took the enemy’s boats & provisions & 60 prisoners besides deserters. Making bridges on the road. 12 Building bridges across Schuyler’s Creek in 2 places. A large number of prisoners & deserters came in this day. 13 Building bridges. Rode with Generals Nixon & Glover to propose works &c. 14 A flag came from Burgoyne by his Adjutant General. At eleven o’clock A. M., a cessation of arms was agreed to until sunset for proposals of an accommodation which Genl. Burgoyne desired Genl Gates to make. They were sent in by our Adjutant General. 5 o’clock P. M about 60 prisoners & deserters brought in. 15 A flag came out with proposals of a small alteration of the 6th article which was consented to, after several conferences, but something still remained with respect to commissaries & staff officers. The Capitulation was not finished until after sunset, a decisive answer was to be given at ten o’clock tomorrow morning. 50 Indians & Tories taken above Fort Edward. 16 In the morning Genl. Burgoyne wrote to Genl. Gates that he had heard large detachments were sent from our army & he requested that 2 of his officers might come & see the truth of the report. The letter was sent back Page 125: with a message that if the agreement was not signed & sent in immediately, hostilities should commence at 12 o’clock. About 3 o’clock P. M. the Articles of Capitulation were brought out, signed by John Burgoyne, Lt. Genl. All our army ordered to lay on their arms & guards doubled, as of late has been usual. 17 About 11 o clock A. M. the enemy laid down their arms & marched out through our army, the most agreeable sight that ever my eyes beheld. Burgoyne’s army that capitulated were 6000, & of them 2448 were British. Genl. Nixon' brigade marched for Albany, the British army for New City. 18 This day, the main body of the American army marched to Albany 36 miles. This forced march was occasioned by our hearing that the enemy was coming up the river & had burnt Esopus. 19 At Albany, the troops much fatigued. 20 At Albany, mending the roads down the west side the river 14 miles. 21 Rode down on the east side the river as far as Stotack. [Footnote 157: Scotack: On the east side of Hudson river, just below Albany.] 22 Genl. Poor’s brigade marched. 23 At Albany, Capt. Low came down. 24 At Albany, Capt. Thayer came down. 25 Genl. Burgoyne’s baggage sent over the river. Page 126: Genl. Larned’s brigade marched down on the west side the river. Col. Morgan marched the same way. Genl. Gates & family dined with us. Supped at Tuttle’s, laid out the park. 26 Went to Meeting all day. 27 A very wet day. Genl. Burgoyne & other of his officers left town with Generals Glover & Whipple for Boston. 28 A great rain. I was blooded. 29 It continued raining. I took a vomit. Drew plans for barracks & storehousing. 30 Kept house myself. Glovers & Paterson’s brigades marched off to Quemans & went (some) by water. [Footnote 158: Quemans: Coryman's, west side of Hudson river, opposite Scotack.] 31 Went to the mills. Genl. Nixon’s brigade went into quarters in town. Nov. 1 Rode with Genl. Gates to Quemans. 4 barracks to be built there, 250 feet long each, the mills set to work. 2 Rode with Genl. Paterson & Col. Brewer to Kinderhook. 3 Went at Albany with Genl. Paterson. 4 Admitted to an Honorable Assembly. 5 Went to Van Vaster’s Mill, bought 2650 boards for the laboratory store. 6 At Albany, sent after coal. 7 Four brigades ordered down to the southward. Page 127: 8 Dined at Doctor Potts. The smiths left work. 9 Went to meeting. 10 At Albany, it rained all day. 11 Getting my wagon ready for a journey. Bought a span of horses for 10£ 12 Received into a Society as a craftsman. 13 Set out from Albany for Brookfield. Rode 10 miles. Lodged at Lorubeck’s at Scotack. 14 Rode to Mr. Coal’s at Nobletown. Lodged. 15 Rode to Kellogg’s, Norton’s at Lowdonton. Lodged. 16 Rode to Springfield. Lodged at Rev. Mr. Breck’s. 17 To Brookfield. Lodged with Mrs. Baldwin, & you may guess for the rest. :>) 18 At home. 19 At home, & at home the remainder of the month. Dec. 1 At home Genl. Burgoyne’s return of his army, Oct. 17, 1777. Since the evacuation of Ticonderoga, the killed, wounded & prisoners: British by capitulation: 2442 Foreigners by ditto: 2198 Sent to Canada: 1100 Genl. Burgoyne & staff among which are 6 members of Parliament: 12 Sick & wounded: 1126 Prisoners of war before the surrender: 400 Page 128: Deserters: 300 Lost at Bennington: 1220 Killed between the 17 of Sept. & 18 of Oct.: 600 Taken at Ticonderoga: 400 Killed at Genl. Harriman’s Battle: 300 10098 39 Brass cannon, royals & mortars and implements and stores complete 5000. Stands of arms. 400 sets harness. A number of ammunition wagons and harness. 6 field pieces at Bennington. 2 Ditto & 4 royals at Fort Stanwix. Brass Ordinance: Two 24-pounders Four 12-Ditto One 9-Ditto 19 6-Ditto Six 3-Ditto Two 8-inch mortars 5 royals 39 Page 129: July 6th 1778 Received the particular account of the battle of the 28th in the Jerseys, viz: our loss is 7 officers & 52 rank & file killed; 17 officers & 120 rank & file wounded. The enemy’s loss is 245 rank & file found dead on the field & four officers. Col. Monkton. There wounded is 1255. Deserted since they left Philadelphia 1572, taken prisoners 117. 7 Rode the grand rounds with the field officers of the day to Dobs’ Ferry to the several guards in front. Dined with Genl. Morris at Genl. Gates.’ Afternoon rode to Rye to Marrineck & returned at evening. [Footnote 159: Marrineck: Mamaroneck, on Long Island Sound.] A very hot day. 8 Genl. Gates, Nixon, Morris and others dined with me. A bateau taken by the galleys. 9 Rode to Tarrytown in the morning & back to camp, & at evening rode back to Tarytown & to Croton Ferry. 10 Rode to Kings Ferry to Peekskill to Crompon to Northcastle. [Footnote 160: Northcastle: East part of New York State, east of Sing Sing.] Dined at Benjamin Kipp, to Headquarters. A frigate of 36-guns & 2 row galleys went up to Kings Ferry, 2 cannon went up to Kings Ferry. 11 Genl. Nixon' brigade encamped on the right of Mount Defiance. 12 I went to Tarrytown. The Tartar frigate fired briskly at us. Genl. Clinton & Morris’ brigade encamped on Mount Misery. Genl. Gates moved his quarters. By express we hear of the enemy's coming to Fort Stanwix, &c. Page 130: 13 I moved to Mr. Fields. 14 An 18-Pounder split at Tarrytown & killed one man. After firing 5 shot the shipping went down the river. Had account of the French fleet. 15 Went to Kings Ferry in a whaleboat from Tarrytown & returned in it. 16 From Tarrytown to headquarters. Col. Sears & Col. Willit lodged with me. 17 Went to Tarrytown. 4 pieces of cannon arrived by water at that place. 18 Rode round among the workmen. 19 Dined with Col. Greaton. 20 Genl. Gates returned to camp with sigl wagons. Went to see Genl. Washington at ___. 21 Went to Tarrytown. 22 Genl. Nixon & Person went down with their brigades to Mile Square. [Footnote 161: Genl. Persons: Samuel H. Parsons, Colonel in Lexington alarm; Colonel 6th Connecticut 1st May to 10th December, 1775; Colonel 10th Continental Infantry 1st January, 1776; Brigadier General Continental Army 9th August, 1776.] 23 The detachment returned with 170 cows & a great number of horses, hogs &c & women. I rode with Genl. Washington through King Street, took a view of the sound, & round camp & dined with him. 24 Col. Hazen & a number of officers dined with me. Genl. Washington's army moved into the front of Genl. Gates & took the new position. 25 Genl. de Portee & others dined with me. [Footnote 162: Genl. De Portee: Louis Lebique DuPortail, Colonel Engineers 8th July, 1777; Chief of Engineers 22d July, 1777; Brigadier General of Engineers 17th November, 1777; appointed Commandant Corps of Engineers and Sappers and Miners 11th May, 1779.] Page 131: 26 Went to hear Dr. Smith preach. Dined with Genl. DuPortail. 27 Set a party of coaliers to work. Dined with Genl. Wayne, Col. Stewart & others. [Footnote 163: Col. Stewart: Walter Stewart, Captain 3rd Pennsylvania Battalion 5th January, 1776; Major and aide-de-camp to General Gates 7th June, 1776; by act of 19th November, 1776, raised to rank of Colonel by brevet and presented with sword value $100; Colonel Pennsylvania State Regiment 17th June, 1777; designated 13th Pennsylvania 12th November, 1777; transferred to 2d Pennsylvania 1st July, 1778.] 28 Rode round among the workmen. 29 Among the workmen at the Quartermaster General’s. 30 Dined at home. Genl. de Collee breakfasted with us. [Footnote 164: Genl. DeCollee: footnote was not completed.] Lt. Dorothy came up. [Footnote 165: Lieut. Dorothy: Michael Dougherty, 2d Lieutenant 6th Maryland 10th December, 1776; 1st Lieutenant 12th November, 1776; cashiered 14th April, 1779.] 31 At home & at Quartermaster General’s. August 1 Rode round among the workmen. 2 At home. 3 & 4 Among the workmen. 5 A number of deserters came in. Col. Laradier went down with the detachment. 6 Col. Hazen, Capt. Brewer dined with me. 7 Dined with Genl deCall, Genl. de Portell & seven other French gentlemen. 2 officers came in. [Footnote 166: Genl. De Call; Probably meant for Gen. De Kalb. (See No.171.)] [Footnote 167: Genl. DePortell: See Gen. De Portee above. (No.161.)] 8 Dined at home. Heard of the English burning 3 of their own frigates at Rhode Island & that place blocked up by the French fleet. 9 16 deserters came in from New York. 10 Received bad provisions & sent it back. 11 Rode round to all the workmen. 12 Mr. Dougherty took a letter & 2 lbs. tea for Mrs. B. [Baldwin] 13 Heard of Genl. Sullivan’s landing his troops on Rhode Island & of the French fleet going from the harbor of Page 132: Rhode Island in pursuit of Lord How’s fleet. [Footnote 168: Lord Howe: William Howe was born in 1729; had a command under General Wolfe at Quebec; succeeded General Gage in 1775 as Commander-in-Chief of the British forces in America; commanded at Bunker Hill; took New York; defeated Washington at White Plains and at Brandywine, hut was superseded by General Clinton in 1778. In 1799 he succeeded to the viscounty of his brother, Richard, Earl Howe.] Rained & cold. 14 15 & 16 At home. Very busy giving orders to the workmen. Rainy weather. 17 11 prisoners brought out for execution. One shot the others reprieved until Friday. A vast concourse of people. 18 Went to the purchase in forenoon. Generals Lee, Schuyler, Gates, St Claire, Wayne, Lincoln with there. [Footnote 169: Genl. Lee: Charles Lee, Major General Continental Army 17th June, 1775; taken prisoner December 13th, 1776, exchanged May 6th, 1778.] Aides dined with me. Very sociable. 19 Dined with Colo. La Radier in company with Generals DeKalb, De Portell, La Navil, Cols. 5, & 2 Majors. [Footnote 170: Col. LaRadier: Mons. Baileul de la Radiere, Lieut. Colonel Engineers 8th July, 1777; Colonel 17th November, 1777; died 1779.] [Footnote 171: Genl. De Kalb: John, Baron, born at Huttendorf, Germany, 1721; came to America with LaFayette in 1777, and was appointed a Major General by Congress the same year; served under Washington and was killed at the battle of Camden, August, 1780.] [Footnote 172: Genl. La Navill: Noirmont de la Neuville, Inspector of the Army under General Gates 14th May, 1778; brevet Brigadier General 14th August, 1778; retired 4th December, 1778, and permitted to return to France.] 20 White Plains. Dined with Genl St. Claire in company with Genl. Schuyler, Poor, Morris, Majors Duor & Morris. 21 The 10 prisoners brought out to the place of execution where they all received a pardon & ordered to join their regiments. Dined this day with Genl. Lee in company with Genl. Morris, Colo. Brooks, Major Edwards and others at the Purchase. [Footnote 173: Col. Brooks: John Brooks, Captain Company Massachusetts Minute Men at Lexington and Concord; Major of Bridge's Massachusetts Regiment May to December, 1775; Major 19th Continental Infantry 1st January, 1776; Lieut. Colonel 8th Massachusetts 1st November, 1776; Lieut. Colonel Commandant 7th Massachusetts 11th November, 1778.] 22 At home. Miss Katy Tenyke went to the lines. 23 At home all day, Dr Wheeler dined with me. 24 Went to the Purchase, Settled part of my ration viz. from 1 Jan. to the 1 June. Dined with Dr. Hale, Col. Read, Silley & heard that the French fleet had got Page 133: back to Rhode Island & had brought in with them one bomb ketch & other vessels they had taken from the English & that Genl. Sullivan had driven the enemy from 3 of their redoubts. 25 At home. 26 At home & at Court-Martial. 27 Went to Tarrytown. Dined with Genl. Washington. Katy Tenike hurt. 28 At home & with the workmen. 29 Summoned to Court-Martial on the trial of Genl. St. Claire. Attended the Court, King Street. 30 At home all day A large fleet sailed through the Sound towards Rhode Island with a fair wind. 31 Rode to the Purchase hospital. Sept. 1 Rode round to all the workmen. Went to Genl. Gates' got the commissions for the artificers. Heard that a party of our men were cut off by the enemy near Valentine’s Hill. Capt. Goodall killed or taken. Also heard of a battle at Rhode Island. Capt. Goodell taken yesterday. 2 Generals. Putnam & Nixon, Cols. Graton, Putnam, Nixon & Doctor Hitchcock & Smith, Major Putnam, dined with me. A fine pleasant day. [Footnote 174: Col. Putnam: Rufus Putnam, Lieut. Colonel of Brewer's Massachusetts Regiment May to December, 1775; Lieut. Colonel 22d Continental Infantry 1st January, 1776; Colonel of Engineers 5th August, 1776; Colonel 5th Massachusetts 1st November, 1776, to rank from 5th August, 1776] [Footnote 175: Major Putnam: Israel Putnam, Jr., Captain 3rd Connecticut 1st May, 1775; Major and aide-de-camp to General Putnam 22d July, 1775, to 3rd June, 1783.] 3 Dined with Genl. Schuyler & a large company. 4 Heard that Genl. Sullivan had got off the Island with his army after some considerable loss. At home. Colo. Hay went to Fishkill. Settled with Mr. Yancy. Page 134: 5 Dr. Wheeler dined with me. 6 Dined with Genl. Nixon in company with Genl. Lincoln, Colo. Newell & others. 7 Attended Genl. Court-Martial on the trial of Genl. St Claire. 8 The enemy came out in 2 columns as far as Judge Ward’s. Took about 30 horses that were in pasture & took 8 men & returned back to their lines. At Court- Martial. Dined with Colo. Putnam, went to the auditors to settle my ration account. Colo. Kosiusko insulted by Mr. Carter. 9 A rainy day. Court-Martial adjourned in the morning. 10 Proposed going to Albany. Went to headquarters. Court-Martial adjourned A. M. 11 Settled my ration account. to 1st of June. Genl. Poor’s, Paterson & Learnard’s brigades march with Genl. Gates. 12 At Court-Martial. Sent of some smiths to West Point & to Terrytown. 13 The sick sent off to Fishkill by land & water. The pioneers marched in 2 parties to mend roads to Fishkill & to Fishburg. 14 At home & among the workmen. 15 Mathew Carchight hanged. 16 The army marched from White Plains in 3 columns. 17 Rode with Colo. Hay, Major Cammell to view the landing at Peekskill. Lodged at Mr Burtsill’s. Page 135: 18 Rode with His Excellency to West Point. Dined with the company & went round to all the works. Lodged at Davenport. 19 Rode to Fishkill. Supped with Colo. Hay in company with his Excellency & family. 20 Breakfasted with them. Went to West Point, Dined with Colo. Malcolm and lodged. Genl. Putnam came over. [Footnote 176: Col. Malcolm: William Malcolm, served as Major and Colonel of New York Militia, 1776; Colonel of one of the 16 additional Continental Regiments 30th April, 1777, to 22d April, 1779.] 21 Went to Roberson House with Genl. Putnam, Colo. Gansiforth & others. [Footnote 177: Col. Gansiforth: Peter Gansevoort, Major 2nd New York 30th June, 1775; Lieut. Colonel 19th March, 1776; Colonel 3rd New York 21 November, 1776; Act of 4th October, 1777, thanks of Congress extended him for his defense of Fort Schuyler.] Went up in a boat to Fishkill in company with 5 gentlemen. Heard of the enemy doing mischief at German Flats, taking cattle &c. 22 Went from Colo. Brinkerhoff’s to the landing with Capt. Low’s carpenters. Embarked with them on board a sloop for Albany. They to cut timber at Cuyman’s for Barracks. 23 Lodged at Mr. ____ 24 Sailed up the North River. Lodged 8 miles below Cuyman’s at Solomon Shirt’s, Cosockey. [Footnote 178: Cosockey: Coxsackie, west side of Hudson river, just above Catskill.] 25 Went up to Albany in a whaleboat. 26 At Albany. Dined with Genl. Starks. 27 Sunday. At Albany. Dined with Major Sickles, spent the evening with Colo. Cammell, Genl Stark, Colo. Butler. Visited the hospital. Drank tea with Doctor Young & ladies. 28 Dined at the Kings Arms with Colo. Butler, Cammel, Page 136: Mr. Taylor & a large company. Afternoon, set off down the river. Lodged at Colo. Nichols.’ 29 Went to the carpenters at Cuyman’s. Dined & lodged at Mr. Bliker’s. Began to load the sloop with timber. 30 As I was going in a canoe aboard of a sloop coming down the river, I was knocked overboard by the force of the canoe against the sloop, but fortunately was soon taken up again. Oct. 1 Loading the sloop. Dined with Esq. McCarty. 2 Finished loading the sloop. The wind high. 3 It rained, the wind high. The cable parted, lost the anchor, the sloop went on shore. At high water got her off. Set sail about 4 o'clock down the river. Lodged on board, Kinderhook. 4 Sailed down the river, lodged on board. 5 Got to Fishkill Ferry at sunrise, went to West Point, & from thence to Fishkill. 6 At Fishkill. Waited upon His Excellency. 7 Went to Fredricksburgh. Dined at headquarters. Lodged with Genl. Nixon. 8 Went to Danbury. Breakfasted with Genl. Gates. Returned to Fredricksburg. Dined with Genl. St Claire in company with Genl. Schuyler, Wayne, Col. Biddle, Col. Palfary, Mrs. Biddle & Miss Shaw & others. Lodged with Colo. Pettit. [Footnote 179: Col. Palfrey: William Palfrey, Major and aide-de-camp to General Lee 16th July, 1775; Lieut. Colonel and aide-de-camp to General Washington 6th March, 1776; Paymaster General 27th April, 1777, with rank of Lieut. Colonel 9th July, 1776.] Page 137: 9 Rode to Fishkill to Colo. Brinkerhoff. 10 Dined at Colo. Hays. A rainy day. 11 At home all day. A great rain. 12 Went to the office in town. 13 Rode with Genl. St. Claire & Dr. Treat to New Windsor. [Footnote 180: New Winsor: West side Hudson river, just south of Newburg.] Lodged at Mr. Ellis.’ 14 To West Point. Lodged Colo. Kosiusko. 15 Rode to Genl. Putnam’s & then to Fishkill to my old lodgings. Sent Lieut. Bacon to Albany on business. 16 At Home. Drank tea with Colo. Smith. 17 Dined with Colo. Hay & large company. 18 At Fishkill. 19 Dined at home. 20 Went to Fredricksburgh. 21 Returned to Colo. Brinkerhoff’s. Genl. Green & Colo. Putnam lodged, supped & breakfasted with me. [Footnote 181: Genl. Green: Nathaniel Greene, Brigadier General Continental Army 22d June, 1775; Major General 9th August, 1776; Quarter Master General 2d March, 1778 to 30th September, 1780.] 22 Rode to town with Genl. Green. Capt. Robison of Boxford has Oliver Howe’s wages for 1776. 23 Rode to Manderal’s. Dined with Genl. Putnam. Major Putnam returned from New York. There is no prospect of the enemy leaving that place this winter. I returned to Fishkill. 24 Moved over to Fredricksburg. Lodged at David Akins. 25 Moved to Mr. Sherman’s for quarters. 26 Dined with Colo. Samuel Hay. [Footnote 182: Col. Samuel Hay: Captain 6th Pennsylvania Battalion 9th January, 1776; Major 7th Pennsylvania 5th October, 1776; Lieut. Colonel 10th Pennsylvania 21st February, 1778.] Page 138: 27 Colo. Stevens & Dr. Cook dined with me. 28 Capt. Wm. Prichard dined with me. Swapped H. 29 At home. Capt. Bruen dined with me. [Footnote 183: Capt. Bruen: Jeremiah Bruen, Captain of Baldwin's Artillery Artificer Regiment.] 30 Dined with His Excellency. 31 Went to Quartermaster General Store, got clothes for the workmen. It rained. Nov. 1 At the park. Drank tea with Mrs. Stevens on Quaker Hill at Dr. Morgan’s. 2 At home. Went to the park. 3 Got a warrant for retained ration. Colo. Ward, Col. Scammel, Colo. Stevens, Major Oilman, Capt. Winslow dined with me. Lt. Welsh lodged. 4 Paid off the colliers tailor-made clothes. 5 Lt. Welsh dined with me & Bugby. 6 Capt. Low came from Cuyman’s with Lt. Bacon & returned to Fishkill. Capt. Bruen dined with me. 7 Colo. Grey, Major Shaw & Kane dined with me. [Footnote 184: Col. Grey: Ebenezer Grey, 2d Lieutenant 3rd Connecticut 1st May to 19th December, 1775; 1st Lieutenant and Regimental Quarter, master 20th Continental Infantry 1st January, 1776; Brigade Major to General Parsons' Brigade 31st August to December, 1776; Major 6th Connecticut 1st January, 1777; Lieut. Colonel 15th October, 1778.] Genl. Putnam, Colo. Bland, Major Gimason lodged with me. 8 Went to meeting at the park. 9 At home. 2 Virginia copls [corporals?] lodged with me. 10 Hunting squirrels. Dined with Major Kean. 11 a very rainy day, at home all day. 12 Genl Wayne, Col. Steward, Colo. S. Hay, Major ___ dined with me. 13 Dined with Genl. Wayne in company with Genl Page 139: Washington & family & a number of other officers. Heard of a 64-gun schooner cast away. 14 Dined at Judge Ward’s with a number artillery officers. Capt. Mills & Low at my house. 15 At home. Colo. Hay lodged with me. 16 Capts. Eaton & Thayer dined with me. They took their orders to raise company. 17 Lt. Hall & Blanchard dined with me. 18 Capt. Pendelton dined with me. [Footnote 185: Capt. Pendleton: Captain of Baldwin's Artificer Regiment.] 19 At home, it snowed. 20 Had orders to move. Dined with Capt. Post. Lt. Bacon went to Danby. 21 At home. Went to the paymasters. 22 Moved the wagon to Peekskill. Went myself to Fishkill. Lodged, supped & breakfasted with Col. Hay. Went to West Point. 23 Lodged with Colo. Kosiusko. Genl. Nixon’s brigade at Continental Village. 24 Went to Peekskill. Lodged Mr Burtsell’s, dined with Colo. Malcolm, West Point. 25 Rode to Continental Village, Lt. Parke’s company went to work there. 26 Rode to Continental Village. Mrs. Knox, Major Shaw dined with me. Rode to Kings Ferry. 27 Rode to Colo. Nixon’s at the Village. 28 The Virginia troops crossing the ferry. Page 140: 29 Went down to the ferry. Pennsylvania crossing. 30 the Artillery crossed. Dec. 1 The Quartermaster General & His Excellency baggage crossed. I was at the ferry all day without victuals or drink. 2 Was at the ferry all day without victuals or drink. 3 Went to see Genl. McDougal, Colo. Gorivon. At home afternoon. [Footnote 186: Genl. McDougall: Alexander McDougall, Colonel 1st New York 30th June to November, 1775; Brigadier General Continental Army 9th August, 1776; Major General 20th October, 777.] [Footnote 187: Col. Gorivon: Jean Baptiste Obrey de Gouvion, Major of Engineers on staff of General Lafayette 8th July, 1777; Lieut. Colonel 17th November, 1777; brevet Colonel 16th November, 1781; 10th October, 1783, retired.] 4 Went to West Point with Gen. McDougal, dined with Colo. Kosiusko, Genl Paterson & others. Heard the shipping was coming up the river. Went to Kings Ferry, there all night, the stores removed. 5 The enemy landed at west side the ferry & then went down the river without doing much mischief. 6 Colo. Hay with the Pennsylvania troops crossed the river for headquarters. 7 At Genl. McDougal’s. Our flag returned. 8 Colo. Greaton & the brigade returned. 9 Went to Genl. McDougal’s. 10 A very rainy day, at home all day. 11 Set out for headquarters, rode to the Ferry, the wind high. No crossing till just night, went over, fed our horses at Major Cass. Stopped at Colo. Hawk Hay’s. Rode to Judge Cole’s, lodged. 12 Rode to Pumpton, dined at Capt. Schuyler, Rode to Mr Jacoburd’s. Page 141: 13 It rained hard in the morning & foggy all day. Lay by till Monday. Had a fine day. 14 Rode to camp 40 miles, Rariton. Lodged at Mr. Tenyk. 15 Breakfasted with His Excellency. Dined with Colo. Scammell. 16 Rode through & round the encampment. Dined with His Excellency. Moved to Mr. Michael Hogoman. 17 Went to Genl. Green’s & Genl. Wayne’s. 18 Genl. Wayne’s 2 brigades moved over to the south side, the Rariton. 19 Went to Capt. Pendelton’s camp & to the other artificers. Capt. Mills came in. 20 With Capt. Low, settled with Capt. Eaton & Quartermaster Blanchard. Dined at ____. 21 At Bown Brook. [Footnote 188: Bown Brook: Bound Brook, New Jersey.] 22 At Capt. Pendelton’s & Bruen’s. 23 Visited all the artificers. 24 At Genl. Greene’s & at Bound Brook. 25 Dined with the artificer officers. 26 Very cold day. Received orders to impress shops & coal for the smiths. 27 Dined with my Lord Sterling. 28 Dined with Capt. Pendelton. 29 Dined with Major Claibourne at Genl Greene’s with Colo. Tompson & Bidell. Footnote 189: Capt. Claibourne: Buller Claibourne, 2d Lieutenant 2d Virginia 24th October, 1775; Captain 8th March, 1776, to 27th July, 1777; served subsequently as Brigade Major and aide-de-camp to General Lincoln 1779 and 1780.] Page 142: 30 Fast day. Pleasant men at work. Went to Pluckumin. Dined with Capt. N. 31 Went to Pluckumin. [Footnote 190: Pluckumin: Pluckemin, New Jersey.] Dined with Capt. N. Jan. 1, 1779 Dined with the artificer officers at Capt. Pendelton’s. 2 Dined at home with Doctor Griffis, Major Storer & Doctor ____. 3 Sunday, the smiths out of coal. It rained. At home afternoon. 4 Went round to the workmen. Dined with my Lord Sterling. 5 My horse died. It snowed. 6 Dined at home. Heard the Cork fleet being taken by Admiral de Estang. [Footnote 191: Admiral De Estang: Admiral in command of the English fleet.] 7 Capt. Mills’ house burned & he fortun[ately] escaped, it took fire in the night 8 Rode to Bound Brook & to Capt. Parker’s camp. Went to the Quartermaster G. stores. 9 All my men in huts. Delivered in the tent. 10 Sunday at home all day. Lieut. Jewel discharged. 11 Dined at home, supped with Colo. Thompson. 12 All the officers of the artificers supped together at Lieut. Little’s housewarming. 13 The artificers mustered. Went to ___. 14 15 16 In camp with the workmen. 17 Went to meeting to hear Rev. Mr. Hole. File at: http://files.usgwarchives.net/ma/worcester/military/revwar/other/baldwin972gmt.txt This file has been created by a form at http://www.genrecords.org/mafiles/ File size: 188.1 Kb